The Welpr Rating is determined by a scoring formula. The formula takes into account the products safety, user satisfaction, and eco-ethical standing. Click here to learn more.
Best Non-Toxic Bathroom Cleaner in 2024
Written by Camille May
Cofounder & Product Curator
Medically reviewed by Olushola Awoyemi
PhD Environmental Toxicology
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What you should know when choosing non-toxic bathroom cleaner on Welpr:
- Only the cleanest products make it onto Welpr.
- We use a score called the Welpr Rating to rank each product.
- The Welpr Rating is based on math, not opinion, ensuring it's free from human bias.
Find Non-Toxic Bathroom Cleaner
Third-party certifications are key indicators of a product's safety, ethics, and environmental impact. Click the icon to verify the certification.
Highlights aren't always verifiable, so you're trusting the brand when they say "lead free", etc. If the highlight icon is "clickable", it means we've verified the highlight.
User satisfaction is calculated using online reviews and a Bayesian average across all cleaning products on Welpr.
Nature Bathroom Cleaner, Citrus Zest - Attitude
Certifications
Highlights
User Satisfaction
Est. Price
$5.63
Product Details
- EWG Verified: Clean ingredients and full transparency
- Natural Origin: Made with ≥ 94% naturally sourced ingredients
- Ingredients: Contains powerful naturally sourced ingredients with cleaning properties
- Easy Recyclable Packaging: Bottle made from easily recyclable HDPE #2 plastic
- PETA Certified: 100% vegan and cruelty-free
- Effectively eliminates limescale and dirt from ceramic tiles, bathtub, shower doors and curtains, and toilet bowl
- Infused with a crisp and refreshing citrus zest aroma, complemented by floral and herbaceous lavender notes
- Reusable bottle, compatible with innovative eco-refills
Pros & Cons
Pros Mentioned
- Effective
- Eco-friendly
- Non-toxic
Cons Mentioned
- Smelly
Ingredients
Ingredients can vary by product variation and may change at any time by the manufacturer. For the most complete and up-to-date list of ingredients, refer to the product packaging.
To analyze individual ingredients, use this EWG tool.
Ingredients: <5% Non-Ionic Surfactants (Caprylyl Glucoside, Myristyl Glucoside), Contains Also: Water, Sodium Citrate, Propanediol, Xanthan Gum, Sapindus Mukorossi Fruit Extract (Saponins), Triethyl Citrate, Terpineol Acetate, Terpineol, Tetrahydrolinalool, Fragrance
Third-party certifications are key indicators of a product's safety, ethics, and environmental impact. Click the icon to verify the certification.
Highlights aren't always verifiable, so you're trusting the brand when they say "lead free", etc. If the highlight icon is "clickable", it means we've verified the highlight.
User satisfaction is calculated using online reviews and a Bayesian average across all cleaning products on Welpr.
Disinfecting Bathroom Cleaner, Lemongrass Citrus - Seventh Generation
Certifications
User Satisfaction
Est. Price
$11.99
Product Details
- Kills 99.99% of household germs botanically, including Influenza A virus, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella enterica, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa on hard, nonporous surfaces when used as directed.
- Effective against the Influenza A Virus and controls odors without the need for rinsing or wiping, even on food contact surfaces.
- Contains naturally derived ingredients such as thyme oil, sodium lauryl sulfate (from palm kernel or coconut), and essential oils like oregano, citronella, and lemongrass.
- Streak-free spray ensures easy cleaning.
- Formulated for use on various hard, nonporous surfaces including toilet seats, sinks, bathtubs, and vanities.
- To disinfect, spray and leave the surface wet for 10 minutes, then allow it to air-dry; no need for rinsing or wiping afterward.
- Also deodorizes by leaving the treated surface to air-dry after spraying, effectively managing and controlling odors.
Pros & Cons
Pros Mentioned
- Effective
- Non-toxic
- Natural
Cons Mentioned
- Smell
Ingredients
Ingredients can vary by product variation and may change at any time by the manufacturer. For the most complete and up-to-date list of ingredients, refer to the product packaging.
To analyze individual ingredients, use this EWG tool.
Ingredients: Thymol, Water, Sodium Lauryl Sulfate, Copper Sulfate Pentahydrate (Bluestone), Citric Acid, Sodium Citrate, Origanum Vulgare Oil, Cymbopogon Nardus Oil, Cymbopogon Schoenanthus Oil
Third-party certifications are key indicators of a product's safety, ethics, and environmental impact. Click the icon to verify the certification.
Highlights aren't always verifiable, so you're trusting the brand when they say "lead free", etc. If the highlight icon is "clickable", it means we've verified the highlight.
User satisfaction is calculated using online reviews and a Bayesian average across all cleaning products on Welpr.
Natural Multi-Surface Cleaner, Green Tea & Lime - Puracy
Certifications
Highlights
User Satisfaction
Est. Price
$19.99
Product Details
- Recognized as "The Best All-Purpose Cleaner" by The New York Times
- Effectively formulated to clean any hard surface without causing streaks
- Developed and tested by PhDs, this plant-based formula addresses a wide range of household stains and residues including food, soda, grease, and more
- Usable on multiple surfaces such as kitchen countertops, electronics, hardwood floors, jewelry, and various metals and stones
- Designed to reduce plastic usage by 90% and comes concentrated enough to create one gallon of cleaner
- Safe for children, pets, and all household surfaces; hypoallergenic, vegan, and gluten-free
- Ensures sparkling, residue-free results on diverse surfaces
- Biodegradable and cruelty-free, never tested on animals
- Produced in the USA
- Infused with a scent of freshly steeped green tea leaves and lime with a touch of herbs
Pros & Cons
Pros Mentioned
- Efficient
- Natural
- Versatile
Cons Mentioned
- Sticky
Ingredients
Ingredients can vary by product variation and may change at any time by the manufacturer. For the most complete and up-to-date list of ingredients, refer to the product packaging.
To analyze individual ingredients, use this EWG tool.
Ingredients: Purified Water, Decyl Glucoside (Sugar-Based Cleanser), C6-C12 Alcohol Ethoxylate (Sugar-Based Cleanser), C12-C15 Alcohol Ethoxylate (Plant-Based Cleanser), C9-C11 Alcohol Ethoxylate (Plant-Based Cleanser), Citric Acid (Plant-Based pH Neutralizer), Sodium Citrate (Plant-Based pH Neutralizer), Natural Green Tea & Lime Botanical Extracts, Benzisothiazolinone (Biodegradable Preservative)
Third-party certifications are key indicators of a product's safety, ethics, and environmental impact. Click the icon to verify the certification.
Highlights aren't always verifiable, so you're trusting the brand when they say "lead free", etc. If the highlight icon is "clickable", it means we've verified the highlight.
User satisfaction is calculated using online reviews and a Bayesian average across all cleaning products on Welpr.
Sal Suds Biodegradable Cleaner, Pine - Dr. Bronner's
Certifications
User Satisfaction
Est. Price
$15.69
Product Details
- Versatile all-purpose cleaner suitable for cleaning floors, laundry, dishes, furniture, and cars, without irritating skin.
- Effective in both hard and soft water, rinses freely in hot or cold water and rapidly biodegrades.
- Formulated with plant-based surfactants that cut grease and dirt, producing copious suds.
- Mildly scented with pure fir and spruce essential oils, free from synthetic dyes, fragrances, or preservatives, phthalates, and ammonium compounds.
- Product ingredients are never tested on animals and bear the Leaping Bunny logo for cruelty-free certification.
- Contains the purest organic and fair trade ingredients, promoting regenerative organic farming practices to enrich soil and increase biodiversity.
- Certifications include USDA Certified Organic, Fair For Life, Certified Vegan, Certified Leaping Bunny, and B Corp, ensuring ethical standards and environmental responsibility.
- Supports various causes like regenerative agriculture, fair trade, wage equality, and animal welfare.
- Emphasizes sustainability with a commitment to using renewable energy and post-consumer recycled plastic in product packaging.
Pros & Cons
Pros Mentioned
- Versatile
- Concentrated
- Effective
Cons Mentioned
- Pricey
Ingredients
Ingredients can vary by product variation and may change at any time by the manufacturer. For the most complete and up-to-date list of ingredients, refer to the product packaging.
To analyze individual ingredients, use this EWG tool.
Ingredients: Water, Sodium Lauryl Sulfate, Coco-Betaine, Decyl Glucoside, Abies Siberica (Siberian Fir) Needle Oil, Picea Glauca (Spruce) Leaf Oil, Citric Acid, Sodium Sulfate, Sodium Chloride, Potassium Hydroxide
Third-party certifications are key indicators of a product's safety, ethics, and environmental impact. Click the icon to verify the certification.
Highlights aren't always verifiable, so you're trusting the brand when they say "lead free", etc. If the highlight icon is "clickable", it means we've verified the highlight.
User satisfaction is calculated using online reviews and a Bayesian average across all cleaning products on Welpr.
Powder Cleanser for Kitchens & Bathrooms, Unscented - Bon Ami
Certifications
Highlights
User Satisfaction
Est. Price
$6.99
Product Details
- Hypoallergenic and non-toxic formula
- Free from chlorine, perfumes, and dyes
- Cleans without scratching surfaces
- Effective on various surfaces including kitchens and bathrooms
- Polishes surfaces and absorbs odors
- Biodegradable composition
- Ingredients are simple and listed on the package
Pros & Cons
Pros Mentioned
- Effective
- Non-abrasive
- Gentle
Cons Mentioned
- Expensive
Ingredients
Ingredients can vary by product variation and may change at any time by the manufacturer. For the most complete and up-to-date list of ingredients, refer to the product packaging.
To analyze individual ingredients, use this EWG tool.
Ingredients: Calcium Carbonate (Limestone), Feldspar Powder, Sodium Carbonate (Soda Ash), Sodium Bicarbonate (Baking Soda), C10-C16 Alkylbenzene Sulfonic Acid (Surfactant)
Third-party certifications are key indicators of a product's safety, ethics, and environmental impact. Click the icon to verify the certification.
Highlights aren't always verifiable, so you're trusting the brand when they say "lead free", etc. If the highlight icon is "clickable", it means we've verified the highlight.
User satisfaction is calculated using online reviews and a Bayesian average across all cleaning products on Welpr.
Gentle Home Cleaning Scrub Powder, Peppermint Tea Tree - Meliora Cleaning Products
Certifications
Highlights
User Satisfaction
Est. Price
$14.99
Product Details
- Effective on most hard surfaces such as stainless steel, porcelain, ceramic tiles, and stovetops.
- Safe for application on surfaces by sprinkling, scrubbing, and rinsing for residue-free cleaning.
- Made with non-toxic ingredients including baking soda and organic coconut oil-based soap.
- Scented with organic essential oils such as peppermint and tea tree.
- Concentrated dry powder formula designed to minimize waste and environmental impact.
- Packaging is plastic-free, utilizing recyclable paper and steel canisters.
- Produced in the USA by a woman-owned, B Corp Certified small business.
- Ingredients are certified by MADE SAFE, Leaping Bunny, and are vegan-friendly.
- Product donates 2% of annual revenue to environmental causes.
- Free from bleach, chlorine, dyes, synthetic fragrances, and other harsh chemicals.
Pros & Cons
Pros Mentioned
- Effective
- Natural
- Gentle
Cons Mentioned
- Expensive
Ingredients
Ingredients can vary by product variation and may change at any time by the manufacturer. For the most complete and up-to-date list of ingredients, refer to the product packaging.
To analyze individual ingredients, use this EWG tool.
Ingredients: Sodium Bicarbonate (Baking Soda), Sodium Cocoate (Vegetable Soap), Cocos Nucifera Oil (Organic Coconut Oil), Glycerin, Mentha Piperita Oil (Organic Peppermint Essential Oil), Melaleuca Alternifolia Oil (Organic Tea Tree Essential Oil)
Third-party certifications are key indicators of a product's safety, ethics, and environmental impact. Click the icon to verify the certification.
Highlights aren't always verifiable, so you're trusting the brand when they say "lead free", etc. If the highlight icon is "clickable", it means we've verified the highlight.
User satisfaction is calculated using online reviews and a Bayesian average across all cleaning products on Welpr.
Multi-Purpose Cleaner, Disinfectant & Deodorizer, Unscented - Force Of Nature
Certifications
User Satisfaction
Est. Price
$79.50
Product Details
- Kills 99.9% of germs, viruses, and bacteria using electrolyzed water comprised of tap water and a capsule containing salt, water, and vinegar.
- Approved by the federal Environmental Protection Agency as a disinfectant and sanitizer with registration number 93040-1.
- Replaces multiple cleaners including those for kitchens, bathrooms, and glass, functioning as a disinfectant and deodorizer as effective as bleach on numerous surfaces.
- Utilizes non-toxic chemicals, free from added fragrances, dyes, preservatives, surfactants, or irritants; safe to use without gloves and does not require rinsing on baby or pet toys.
- Environmentally friendly, designed to reduce plastic waste by using recyclable activator capsules that lower plastic waste by 97%.
- Product set includes a 12 oz Electrolyzer Appliance, Power Cord, 5 Activator Capsules, a 12 oz Reusable Spray Bottle, a Quick Start Guide, and a User Manual.
- Effective for hard non-porous surfaces against pathogens like Staph, MRSA, Salmonella, Norovirus, Listeria, Influenza A, and Pseudomonas when used as directed.
- Recommended to use cleaner within 2 weeks of production for maximum potency.
- Suitable for use in a variety of establishments including hospitals, schools, restaurants, and homes.
- Tips for homes with hard water: Use of a water softener or reverse osmosis filtered water is suggested to prevent mineral interference and prolong appliance life.
Pros & Cons
Pros Mentioned
- Effective
- Easy
- Safe
Cons Mentioned
- Leaky
Ingredients
Ingredients can vary by product variation and may change at any time by the manufacturer. For the most complete and up-to-date list of ingredients, refer to the product packaging.
To analyze individual ingredients, use this EWG tool.
Ingredients: Water, Salt, Vinegar
Third-party certifications are key indicators of a product's safety, ethics, and environmental impact. Click the icon to verify the certification.
Highlights aren't always verifiable, so you're trusting the brand when they say "lead free", etc. If the highlight icon is "clickable", it means we've verified the highlight.
User satisfaction is calculated using online reviews and a Bayesian average across all cleaning products on Welpr.
Bac-Out Bathroom Cleaner, Lavender Lime - Biokleen
Certifications
Highlights
User Satisfaction
Est. Price
$10.99
Product Details
- Cleans and deodorizes tough bathroom odors
- Contains a unique blend of live enzyme cultures, lavender, and lime extracts
- Eco-friendly, non-toxic, and plant-based
- No artificial fragrances, colors, or preservatives
- Leaves no harsh fumes or residue
- Safe for rivers, streams, plants, and wildlife
- Made in the USA
Pros & Cons
Pros Mentioned
- Effective
- Natural
- Pleasant-scent
Cons Mentioned
- Expensive
Ingredients
Ingredients can vary by product variation and may change at any time by the manufacturer. For the most complete and up-to-date list of ingredients, refer to the product packaging.
To analyze individual ingredients, use this EWG tool.
Ingredients: Water, Glycerin (Plant-Derived), Viable Bacteria Culture (Plant-Derived), Disodium Citrate (Plant-Derived), Phenoxyethanol, Citrus Species Leaf Oil (Plant-Derived), Tetrasodium Glutamate Diacetate (Plant-Derived), Linalool (Plant-Derived), C12-16 Pareth-7 (Plant-Derived), Fragrance, And Lavandula Hybrida Oil (Plant-Derived)
Third-party certifications are key indicators of a product's safety, ethics, and environmental impact. Click the icon to verify the certification.
Highlights aren't always verifiable, so you're trusting the brand when they say "lead free", etc. If the highlight icon is "clickable", it means we've verified the highlight.
User satisfaction is calculated using online reviews and a Bayesian average across all cleaning products on Welpr.
Bathroom Cleaner, Mint & Cucumber - Ecover
Certifications
User Satisfaction
Est. Price
$7.66
Product Details
- New formula improves limescale removal compared to previous version
- Effectively replaces soap scum and dirt with sparkle and shine
- Features a fresh plant-based fragrance
Pros & Cons
Pros Mentioned
- Effective
- Eco-friendly
- Pleasant
Cons Mentioned
- Overpowering
Ingredients
Ingredients can vary by product variation and may change at any time by the manufacturer. For the most complete and up-to-date list of ingredients, refer to the product packaging.
To analyze individual ingredients, use this EWG tool.
Ingredients: Aqua, Capryl Glucoside, Citric Acid, Sodium Citrate, Phenoxyethanol, Sorbitan Sesquicaprylate, Sodium Octyl Sulphate, Fragrance, Xanthan Gum, Limonene
Third-party certifications are key indicators of a product's safety, ethics, and environmental impact. Click the icon to verify the certification.
Highlights aren't always verifiable, so you're trusting the brand when they say "lead free", etc. If the highlight icon is "clickable", it means we've verified the highlight.
User satisfaction is calculated using online reviews and a Bayesian average across all cleaning products on Welpr.
Power Bathroom Cleaner, Cool Spring Breeze - Lysol
Certifications
User Satisfaction
Est. Price
$7.49
Product Details
- Contains a hydrogen peroxide-based formula that efficiently cleans tough bathroom stains such as limescale and soap scum without the harshness of bleach.
- Kills 99.9% of common bathroom bacteria and viruses ascertained by EPA Reg #777-126 when used as directed.
- Can be used on multiple bathroom surfaces including tubs, cabinets, sinks, shower doors, vanity tops, glazed ceramic tiles, and chrome fixtures.
- Free from chlorine bleach to provide cleaning without harsh chemical residues, eliminating the need for protective gloves, masks, or eyewear.
- Leaves behind a fresh spring breeze scent after cleaning.
- Safe around children and pets as it does not leave harmful chemical residues.
- Part of a wider range of Lysol disinfection products like disinfecting wipes, disinfectant sprays, and all-purpose cleaners.
Pros & Cons
Pros Mentioned
- Effective
- Sanitizing
- Pleasant
Cons Mentioned
- Smell
Ingredients
Ingredients can vary by product variation and may change at any time by the manufacturer. For the most complete and up-to-date list of ingredients, refer to the product packaging.
To analyze individual ingredients, use this EWG tool.
Ingredients: Hydrogen Peroxide
Third-party certifications are key indicators of a product's safety, ethics, and environmental impact. Click the icon to verify the certification.
Highlights aren't always verifiable, so you're trusting the brand when they say "lead free", etc. If the highlight icon is "clickable", it means we've verified the highlight.
User satisfaction is calculated using online reviews and a Bayesian average across all cleaning products on Welpr.
Bathroom Cleaner, Lemon - 9 Elements
Certifications
User Satisfaction
Est. Price
$19.99
Product Details
- Fast-acting formula removes hard water stains and residues
- Uses vinegar to dissolve grime and soap scum
- Contains no more than 9 ingredients, free of artificial preservatives, dyes, thickeners, bleach, and synthetic fragrances
- Carries the EPA Safer Choice label for environmental safety
- Safe for use on multiple bathroom surfaces including tile, ceramic, and porcelain
Pros & Cons
Pros Mentioned
- Effective
- Pleasant-smelling
- Easy
Cons Mentioned
- Expensive
Ingredients
Ingredients can vary by product variation and may change at any time by the manufacturer. For the most complete and up-to-date list of ingredients, refer to the product packaging.
To analyze individual ingredients, use this EWG tool.
Ingredients: Water, Sodium Citrate, C12-16 Pareth, Vinegar, Sodium Acetate, Essential Oil, Citric Acid
Third-party certifications are key indicators of a product's safety, ethics, and environmental impact. Click the icon to verify the certification.
Highlights aren't always verifiable, so you're trusting the brand when they say "lead free", etc. If the highlight icon is "clickable", it means we've verified the highlight.
User satisfaction is calculated using online reviews and a Bayesian average across all cleaning products on Welpr.
Bathroom Cleaner Spray, Unscented - Aunt Fannie's
Certifications
Highlights
User Satisfaction
Est. Price
$11.99
Product Details
- Uses vinegar and plant-based cleaners to effectively lift grime and break up tough residues.
- Suitable for all bathroom surfaces including counters, tubs, tile, toilets, and fixtures.
- Neutralizes odors and freshens air without the use of heavy perfumes.
- Features an EWG A-rating for safety, ensuring a healthy cleaning experience.
- Leaves surfaces with a pristine clean and sparkling finish after letting the formula work for a few moments.
- Free from harsh chemicals, incorporating natural ingredients and essential oils that are safe for people and pets.
- Dermatologist tested and hypoallergenic, enhancing user safety.
- Manufactured in the USA and Leaping Bunny certified cruelty-free.
- Vegan and environmentally friendly, minimizing ecological impact.
- Partnered with the Environmental Working Group to ensure reduced environmental impact of ingredients and packaging.
Pros & Cons
Pros Mentioned
- Effective
- Eco-friendly
- Non-toxic
Cons Mentioned
- Smelly
Ingredients
Ingredients can vary by product variation and may change at any time by the manufacturer. For the most complete and up-to-date list of ingredients, refer to the product packaging.
To analyze individual ingredients, use this EWG tool.
Ingredients: Distilled White Vinegar, Sugar Surfactant (Caprylyl/Myristyl Glucoside), Polyglyceryl-6 Caprylate, Polyglyceryl-4 Caprate, Juniperus Mexicana Oil, Rosemary Oil, Lavender Oil, Eucalyptus Oil, Lavandin Oil
Third-party certifications are key indicators of a product's safety, ethics, and environmental impact. Click the icon to verify the certification.
Highlights aren't always verifiable, so you're trusting the brand when they say "lead free", etc. If the highlight icon is "clickable", it means we've verified the highlight.
User satisfaction is calculated using online reviews and a Bayesian average across all cleaning products on Welpr.
Multipurpose Surface Cleaner, Fresh Linen - L'Avant Collective
Certifications
Highlights
User Satisfaction
Est. Price
$22.99
Product Details
- Provides a powerful clean to remove grease and grime
- Features a fresh linen scent
- Bottle made from recycled plastic
- Refillable using multipurpose concentrate
- To use: spray on surface and wipe with a clean, dry cloth; for tougher messes, let sit for 30 seconds before wiping
- Cruelty-free and never tested on animals
- Leaping Bunny certified
Pros & Cons
Pros Mentioned
- Fragrant
- Cleans
- Non-toxic
Cons Mentioned
- Leakage
Ingredients
Ingredients can vary by product variation and may change at any time by the manufacturer. For the most complete and up-to-date list of ingredients, refer to the product packaging.
To analyze individual ingredients, use this EWG tool.
Ingredients: Water, Propanediol, Alkyl Polyglucoside, Sodium Gluconate, Sodium Carbonate, Denatured Alcohol, Citric Acid, Caprylhydroxamic Acid, 1, 2 Hexanediol, Natural Fragrance, Ocimum Basilicum (Basil) Oil, Citrus Limon (Lemon) Peel Oil, Lavandula Angustifolia (Lavender) Oil, Pelargonium Graveolens (Geranium) Oil, Salvia Sclarea (Clary Sage) Oil
Our Product Rating System
First, Camille (co-creator of Welpr) hand picks cleaner product options from a variety of sources.
Next, we collect information about each product's safety, consumer satisfaction, and eco-ethical standing.
Finally, we run all this information through an algorithm that calculates the Welpr Rating.
Welpr Rating:
5.0/5
Part 1: Product safety
We evaluate safety information from 3rd party organizations (e.g. EWG, Made Safe, etc.). Instead of relying solely on any one of these companies for safety information, we assess all of them.
Part 2: Consumer satisfaction
We scour the web for consumer ratings and reviews to verify products are not only cleaner options, but also effective. Products can either be Above Average, Average, or Below average for their respective category (e.g. cleaning products).
Part 3: Ethics & Environment
When you buy a product, you’re supporting that company with your dollars. We believe it’s important to support ethical companies, so we pool together certifications that verify a company's ethics and environmental impact.
Common Harmful Chemicals in Bathroom Cleaner
Chemical Name
Why it’s harmful
Hydrochloric Acid
Hydrochloric acid is used in multiple industries like chlorides, fertilizers, dyes, electroplating, and others. It has dangerous health effects like irritation and inflammation of eyes, nose and respiratory tract, and pulmonary edema after short-term inhalation; corrosion to mucous membranes, esophagus, and stomach and severe burns after oral exposure; dermatitis, photosensitization, gastritis and chronic bronchitis after long-term occupational exposure. While the EPA hasn't classified hydrochloric acid for carcinogenicity, many chemicals can spill to release HCl in water.
Sodium Dichloroisocyanurate
Sodium Dichloroisocyanurate is toxic upon ingestion and act as a strong oxidizer, posing a fire hazard when exposed to organic materials. It may react violently with combustible substances and decompose due to heat or water, releasing toxic gases such as chlorine. It can cause irritation to the skin, eyes and respiratory tract, and prolonged exposure can result in corrosive skin burns. Inhalation of high concentrations can lead to acute pulmonary edema. It may also explode from shock, friction, or other ignition sources, and can cause fires upon contact with combustible materials.
Ammonium Hydroxide
Ammonium hydroxide is a corrosive substance that can cause injury to the skin, eyes, and respiratory tract. High concentrations, either through inhalation or prolonged exposure, can lead to significant respiratory issues, including inflammation, pneumonia, and pulmonary edema. It is used in various industries such as fertilizers, dyes, explosives, plastics, and cleansing agents, among others. Due to its intense pungency and potential to cause extreme irritation and even life-threatening conditions, precautions such as wearing protective clothing and immediate cleansing of affected areas are recommended. It should be stored away from combustibles and heavy metals, in well-ventilated areas and in specified containers. Disposal guidelines also need to be referred from environmental regulatory agencies due to the hazardous nature of the substance.
Sources:
The Facts About Ammonia, Chemical Safety Facts: Ammonia, ATSDR Chemical Profile, EPA: Ammonia, Aquatic Life Ambient Water Quality Criteria for Ammonia - Freshwater, EPA Chemical Profile, Mass Casualties from Acute Inhalation of Chloramine Gas, Ventilatory disorders associated with occupational inhalation exposure to ammonia, Ecological and toxicological effects of inorganic nitrogen pollution in aquatic ecosystems: A global assessment, TOXICOLOGICAL PROFILE FOR AMMONIA ,
2-Butoxyethanol
Butoxyethanol studies show severe effects in mice including hemoglobinuria and changes to the lungs, kidneys, and liver. Human volunteers exposed to 200 ppm for 8 hours showed no adverse effects except for mucous membrane irritation. There is, however, limited evidence of spontaneous abortions and decreased sperm counts in humans, and more conclusive evidence of birth defects and testicular damage in animals. Humans are resistant to butoxyethanol-induced red blood cell hemolysis.
Butylphenyl Methylpropional
Butylphenyl methylpropional, also known as lilial, is a chemical compound commonly used in cosmetics and laundry powders. It is found naturally in crow-dipper and tomato plants and is also produced synthetically in large quantities. In May 2019, the EU's Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety (SCCS) deemed its use in cosmetics as unsafe. Following animal studies indicating reproductive toxicity, the EU banned its use in cosmetics by March 2022. Moreover, butylphenyl methylpropional can sometimes serve as an allergen, potentially leading to contact dermatitis in susceptible individuals.
Sources:
Fragranced consumer products: exposures and effects from emissions, 10 reasons to avoid synthetic fragrances in cleaning products, Synthetic chemical in consumer products linked to early death, study finds, Review of the Styrene Assessment in the National Toxicology Program 12th Report on Carcinogens, Expert Panel Confirms that Fragrance Ingredient Can Cause Cancer, Fragrances, Beyond the Label: Health Impacts of Harmful Ingredients in Cleaning Products
Benzisothiazolinone
Isothiazolinones are preservatives known to cause allergic contact dermatitis, primarily in workers involved in manufacturing industries like paint, paper, rubber, and air fresheners. Additionally, there's a reported case of occupational asthma from exposure to this chemical among workers.
Benzyldimethyl(tridecyl)ammonium chloride
Benzyldimethyl(tridecyl)ammonium chloride is a mixture recognized for its bactericidal properties. It is used topically in medicaments, deodorants, mouthwashes, and as surgical antiseptics, and also function as preservatives and emulsifiers in drugs and cosmetics. However, the EPA's assessment based on industry data suggests that this substance presents a significant risk to human health. Moreover, a peer-reviewed study has indicated that some quaternary ammonium compounds can lead to reproductive toxicity in animals.
Sources:
Quaternary Ammonium Compounds in Cleaning Products, Do we know enough about the safety of quat disinfectants?, Childrens Environmental Health, Issues Of The Environment: Living With Increased Levels Of Disinfectants Through COVID-19 Crisis, FDA issues final rule on safety and effectiveness of consumer hand sanitizers
Butoxydiglycol
Diethylene glycol ethers is a chemical that has been found to have hematologic, liver, and kidney effects. Exposure to large amounts, about 250 mg/kg/day, can lead to central nervous system depression and other organ damage in rats and may decrease red blood cell counts. It does not show genotoxic, mutagenic, liver, kidney, blood, or reproductive toxicity in animals or humans, but it is classified as an exceptional allergen. The material can be absorbed through the skin and is identified as a mild skin irritant and a severe eye irritant. Notably, its toxicity is lower than that of ethylene glycol ethers.
Diethylene Glycol Monobutyl Ether
Diethylene glycol ethers is a chemical that has been found to have hematologic, liver, and kidney effects. Exposure to large amounts, about 250 mg/kg/day, can lead to central nervous system depression and other organ damage in rats and may decrease red blood cell counts. It does not show genotoxic, mutagenic, liver, kidney, blood, or reproductive toxicity in animals or humans, but it is classified as an exceptional allergen. The material can be absorbed through the skin and is identified as a mild skin irritant and a severe eye irritant. Notably, its toxicity is lower than that of ethylene glycol ethers.
Glycolic Acid
Glycolic Acid is corrosive to the skin and eyes, with 70% technical solutions causing severe burns. It also irritates the respiratory tract and may lead to kidney failures. The chemical can cause burns when inhaled, leading to possible injuries to the upper respiratory tract and lungs. It is also harmful if ingested.
Laureth-7
Laureth-7, a surfactant derived from lauryl alcohol sourced from coconut or palm oil, is commonly used in personal care and household products, especially laundry detergents. In detergents, it functions by reducing surface tension between water and soil, aiding in the removal of dirt, stains, and oils from fabrics. This ingredient belongs to the Polyethylene Glycols (PEGs) family, which is found in various consumer goods. Despite past contamination concerns, modern manufacturing processes have addressed and eliminated these issues. Although PEGs are not used in certain personal care products, their inclusion in machine detergents is deemed acceptable since they don't directly touch the skin.
d-Limonene
d-Limonene is a liquid with a lemon-like smell, often used as a solvent to substitute for more volatile and toxic organic solvents. When it comes into contact with air, it can oxidize, and this oxidized form is a known skin sensitizer, capable of irritating skin and eyes. The combination of d-limonene and l-limonene is known as limonene or dipentene. The estimated lethal dose for humans is between 0.5 to 5 g/kg, and studies have shown that it can cause diarrhea and liver effects when ingested in high doses.
Sodium Cumenesulfonate
Sodium Cumenesulfonate is a mild eye irritants that can be significantly absorbed upon ingestion but not after skin application. It has not shown skin sensitization in animal tests but have caused acute toxicity symptoms such as decreased activity, prostration, increased saliva production, diarrhea, and liver congestion. Furthermore, sodium cumenesulfonate has not demonstrated carcinogenic effects in dermal exposure studies.
Sodium Lauryl Sulfate
Sodium Lauryl Sulfate is recognised as a skin, eye, and respiratory tract irritant according to ICSC. It may cause allergic reactions and eye irritation as stated by the HSDB. Exposure may even result in eye burns, as per CAMEO. Depending on its form - which may range from a solid (90-98% purity), to a paste (30-41%), or an aqueous solution (28-50%) - it can significantly irritate skin and eyes, with adverse effects escalating with increased concentration. Despite these hazards, it is not a skin sensitizer according to CHEMINFO, while eChemPortal: ERMA and MSDSonline endorse its classification as an irritant.
Triethanolamine
Triethanolamine appears to cause occupational asthma and allergic contact dermatitis in machinists and photographers, as well as liver and kidney damage in animals with high-dose feeding. It's noted to be an irritant to the skin, eyes, and respiratory tract, with potential to cause skin sensitization, though the rate of skin sensitization in humans is low. Triethanolamine has low acute toxicity, with median oral LD50 values of 4,190-11,260 mg/kg in rats and 5,300-8,000 mg/kg in guinea pigs, and a median dermal LD50 greater than 2,000 mg/kg in rabbits. Triethanolamine is not carcinogenic, developmental toxicant, or toxic to the reproductive system. However, chronic exposure may lead to liver and kidney damage.
Sources:
Safety assessment of triethanolamine and triethanolamine-containing ingredients as used in cosmetics, Toxicology of mono-, di-, and triethanolamine, Campaign for Safe Cosmetics: Ethanolamine Compounds (MEA, DEA, TEA And Others), The Dirty Dozen: DEA-related ingredients, Chemical Profile, Special Chem, Safety assessment of triethanolamine and triethanolamine-containing ingredients as used in cosmetics
Phosphoric Acid
Phosphoric acid, in liquid or solid form, can cause second-degree burns upon contact within minutes. It's usually shipped as a solid or an 85% solution and is corrosive to skin when the concentration is over 70%. This acid is also an irritant to the eyes, skin, and upper respiratory tract, however, the risk of pulmonary edema is minimal.
Benzalkonium Chloride
Benzalkonium chloride (BAC) is an organic salt known for its robust antimicrobial properties, effective against various bacteria, viruses, and fungi. It is frequently employed in healthcare settings like hospitals for disinfecting instruments and surfaces. Additionally, BAC is present in many consumer items, including hand sanitizers, wipes, eye solutions, nasal sprays, and personal care products such as soaps and shampoos. Although typically safe when used as instructed, BAC can lead to skin and eye irritation, particularly at elevated concentrations.
Sources:
Ecological Risk Analysis for Benzalkonium Chloride, Benzethonium Chloride, and Chloroxylenol in US Disinfecting and Sanitizing Products, Evaluation of pulmonary toxicity of benzalkonium chloride and triethylene glycol mixtures using in vitro and in vivo systems, Quaternary Ammonium Compounds in Cleaning Products, Impact of benzalkonium chloride, benzethonium chloride and chloroxylenol on bacterial antimicrobial resistance, Benzalkonium Chloride, SpecialChem: benzalkonium-chloride, Impact of benzalkonium chloride, benzethonium chloride and chloroxylenol on bacterial antimicrobial resistance
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