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Best Non-Toxic Shampoo in 2024
Updated:
Nov 18, 2024
Written by Camille May
Cofounder & Product Curator
+ 1 more
Medically reviewed by Olushola Awoyemi
PhD Environmental Toxicology
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What you should know when choosing non-toxic shampoo on Welpr:
- Only the cleanest products make it onto Welpr.
- We use a score called the Welpr Rating to rank each product.
- The Welpr Rating is based on math, not opinion, ensuring it's free from human bias.
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Third-party certifications are key indicators of a product's safety, ethics, and environmental impact. Click the icon to verify the certification.
Highlights aren't always verifiable, so you're trusting the brand when they say "lead free", etc. If the highlight icon is "clickable", it means we've verified the highlight.
User satisfaction is calculated using online reviews and a Bayesian average across all personal care and cosmetic products on Welpr.
Nourishing Shampoo - Attitude
Certifications
User Satisfaction
Est. Price
$21.99
Product Details
- EWG Verified for clean ingredients and full transparency
- Contains 97.9% naturally sourced ingredients
- Formulated with grapeseed oil to moisturize hair's surface
- Includes olive leaves extract to soothe the scalp
- Enriched with watercress and Indian cress for high mineral and vitamin content
- Dermatologically tested
- Vegan formula
- Infused with a pear fragrance featuring nectarine and ginger notes
Pros & Cons
Pros Mentioned
- Non-toxic
- Smells
- Quality
Cons Mentioned
- Foamy
Ingredients
Ingredients can vary by product variation and may change at any time by the manufacturer. For the most complete and up-to-date list of ingredients, refer to the product packaging.
To analyze individual ingredients, use INCIDecoder.
Ingredients: Aqua/Water/Eau, Sodium Coco-Sulfate, Coco-Glucoside, Vegetable Glycerin, Sodium Cocoyl Isethionate, Lauryl Glucoside, Stearyl Citrate, Citric Acid, Panthenol (Vitamin B5), Glyceryl Oleate, Sodium Benzoate, Inulin, Potassium Sorbate, Nasturtium Officinale (Watercress/Cresson) Extract, Tropaeolum Magus (Indian Cress/Capucine) Extract, Maltodextrin, Moringa Oleifera Seed Extract, Vitis Vinifera (Grape/Raisin) Seed Oil, Olea Europaea (Olive) Leaf Extract, Hexyl Salicylate (Floral), Geranyl Acetate (Floral), Methyl Dihydrojasmonate (Jasmine)
Third-party certifications are key indicators of a product's safety, ethics, and environmental impact. Click the icon to verify the certification.
Highlights aren't always verifiable, so you're trusting the brand when they say "lead free", etc. If the highlight icon is "clickable", it means we've verified the highlight.
User satisfaction is calculated using online reviews and a Bayesian average across all personal care and cosmetic products on Welpr.
Daily Moisturizing Shampoo - Carina Organics
Certifications
Highlights
User Satisfaction
Est. Price
$15.00
Product Details
- Vegan-friendly formulation
- 100% biodegradable and safe for water bodies and septic systems
- Hypoallergenic
- Cruelty-free with no animal testing
- Free from parabens, soy, and gluten
- Made from 100% natural ingredients without harmful chemicals, additives, or synthetics
- Formulations include certified organic ingredients
- Ingredients sourced from sustainable manufacturers committed to environmental preservation
- Ingredients are locally sourced whenever possible to reduce transport pollution and environmental impact
Pros & Cons
Pros Mentioned
- Clean
- Light
- Healthy
Cons Mentioned
- Expensive
Ingredients
Ingredients can vary by product variation and may change at any time by the manufacturer. For the most complete and up-to-date list of ingredients, refer to the product packaging.
To analyze individual ingredients, use INCIDecoder.
Ingredients: Filtered Aqua, Potassium Cocoate (Saponified Cocos Nucifera / Coconut Oil), Glycerin (Vegetable), Pinus Banksiana (Pine) Extract, Magnesium Chloride (Magnesium Oil), Olea Europaea (Olive) Fruit Oil, Matricaria Chamomilla (Chamomile) Flower Extract, Urtica Dioca (Nettle) Leaf Extract, Taraxacum Officinale (Dandelion) Leaf Extract, Trifolium Pratense (Clover) Flower Extract, Citrus Tangerina (Tangerine) Oil, Pyrus Malus (Green Apple) Extract, Ananas Sativus (Pineapple) Extract, Linum Usitatissimum (Linseed) Seed Oil, Cucurbita Pepo (Pumpkin) Seed Oil, Helianthus Annuus (Sunflower) Seed Oil, Persea Gratissima (Avocado) Oil
Third-party certifications are key indicators of a product's safety, ethics, and environmental impact. Click the icon to verify the certification.
Highlights aren't always verifiable, so you're trusting the brand when they say "lead free", etc. If the highlight icon is "clickable", it means we've verified the highlight.
User satisfaction is calculated using online reviews and a Bayesian average across all personal care and cosmetic products on Welpr.
Non-Comedogenic & Sulfate-Free Hair Shampoo - SEEN
Certifications
Highlights
User Satisfaction
Est. Price
$29.00
Product Details
- Dermatologist-developed and vegan
- Non-comedogenic, does not clog pores
- Sulfate-free, producing a luxurious lather that rinses easily
- Formulated without sulfates, silicones, phthalates, parabens, dyes, pore-clogging oils, formaldehyde-releasing preservatives, cocamidopropyl betaine, and gluten
- PETA and Leaping Bunny approved
- Available in fragrance-free version
- Color-safe and keratin-safe; suitable for daily use
- Clinically proven to be non-irritating
- Contains Hemisqualane for color and heat protection, frizz control, and smooth hair
- Includes Bisabolol for natural skin-soothing benefits
Pros & Cons
Pros Mentioned
- Gentle
- Non-irritating
- Effective
Cons Mentioned
- Expensive
Ingredients
Ingredients can vary by product variation and may change at any time by the manufacturer. For the most complete and up-to-date list of ingredients, refer to the product packaging.
To analyze individual ingredients, use INCIDecoder.
Ingredients: Water, Sodium Lauroyl Methyl Isethionate, Cocamidopropylamine Oxide, Glycerin, Acrylates Copolymer, Glycol Distearate, Trisodium Ethylenediamine Disuccinate, C13-15 Alkane (Plant Derived), Guar Hydroxypropyltrimonium Chloride, Polyquaternium-7, Bisabolol, Citric Acid, Disodium Edta, Phenoxyethanol, Ethylhexylglycerin, Aminomethyl Propanol, Sodium Hydroxide, Tocopherol, Sodium Benzoate
Third-party certifications are key indicators of a product's safety, ethics, and environmental impact. Click the icon to verify the certification.
Highlights aren't always verifiable, so you're trusting the brand when they say "lead free", etc. If the highlight icon is "clickable", it means we've verified the highlight.
User satisfaction is calculated using online reviews and a Bayesian average across all personal care and cosmetic products on Welpr.
Sweet Sunrise Shampoo - Annmarie
Certifications
Highlights
User Satisfaction
Est. Price
$39.00
Product Details
- Formulated with organic and wildcrafted ingredients, sustainably packaged, and cruelty-free.
- Made in the U.S.A. by collaborating with small farmers and innovative chemists.
- Designed for all hair types.
- Purifies, awakens, and enriches hair.
- Key ingredients include nettle, horsetail, and aloe vera for the shampoo; essential oils of lemon fruit, orange peel, parsley, and basil oil also included.
- Shampoo hydrates and purifies hair, helping to restore roots and protect against free radicals.
- Conditioner is lightweight, enhances moisture balance, and strengthens hair with antioxidant-rich herbs and essential oils.
- Usage of shampoo involves creating a lather, massaging into scalp and hair, followed by a thorough rinse. May be repeated if necessary.
- Conditioner should be applied focusing on the ends of the hair, left in for 1-3 minutes, and then rinsed thoroughly.
Pros & Cons
Pros Mentioned
- Nutritious
- Refreshing
- Floral
Cons Mentioned
- Expensive
Ingredients
Ingredients can vary by product variation and may change at any time by the manufacturer. For the most complete and up-to-date list of ingredients, refer to the product packaging.
To analyze individual ingredients, use INCIDecoder.
Ingredients: Aqua (Water), Sodium Lauryl Glucose Carboxylate, Lauryl Glucoside (Saponified Oils Of Coconut Oil And Plant Starches/Sugars), Decyl Glucoside (Non-GMO Glucose Derived Surfactant), Glycerin (Vegetable Derived), Sodium Olivoyl Glutamate (Olive Oil Derived Surfactant), Disodium Cocoyl Glutamate (Coconut Derived Surfactant), Herb-Infused Aloe Vera Juice [*Aloe Barbadensis (Aloe Vera) Leaf Juice, *Rosmarinus Officinalis (Rosemary) Leaf Extract, *Urtica Dioica (Nettle) Leaf Powder, *Equisetum Arvense Extract (Horsetail) Extract], Coco Glucoside (Coconut/Sugar Derived Surfactant), [Humectant From Non-GMO Plant Based Sugars (Xylitylglucoside, Anhydroxylitol, Maltitol, Xylitol), Pelvetia Canaliculata (Channelled Wrack (Brown Algae) Extract)], Non-GMO Solubiliser [Glucose, Rapeseed Acid (Plant Derived Oilseed)], [Acacia Senegal (Acacia) Gum, Non-GMO Xanthan Gum (Plant Derived)], [Prunus Amygdalus Dulcis (Sweet Almond) Oil, Citrus Aurantium Dulcis (Orange) Peel Oil, Citrus Limon (Lemon) Peel Oil, Citrus Aurantium Dulcis (Blood Orange) Peel Oil, Ocimum Basilicum (Basil) Oil, Carum Petroselinum (Parsley) Seed Oil, Coriandrum Sativum (Coriander) Seed Oil, Ferula Galbaniflua (Galbanum) Resin Oil], Populus Tremuloides (Aspen Bark) Extract, [*Mauritia Flexuosa (Buriti) Fruit Oil, *Tocopherol (Non-GMO Vitamin E), *Helianthus Annuus (Sunflower) Seed Oil], [*Nigela Sativa (Black Cumin) Seed Oil, *Vaccinium Macrocarpon (Cranberry) Seed Oil, *Rubus Idaeus (Raspberry) Seed Oil, *Vitis Vinifera (Grape) Seed Oil, *Curcubita Pepo (Pumpkin) Seed Oil], Limnanthes Alba (Meadowfoam) Seed Oil, [Camellia Oleifera (Camellia) Seed Oil, Macadamia Ternifolia (Macadamia) Seed Oil, Cocos Nucifera (Coconut) Oil, Argania Spinosa (Argan) Oil, Corylus Americana (Hazelnut) Seed Oil, Cannabis Sativa (Hemp) Seed Oil, Punica Granatum (Pomegranate) Seed Oil], [Sodium Benzoate (Sodium Salt), Potassium Sorbate (Potassium Salt)], *Organically Grown Or Wildcrafted
Third-party certifications are key indicators of a product's safety, ethics, and environmental impact. Click the icon to verify the certification.
Highlights aren't always verifiable, so you're trusting the brand when they say "lead free", etc. If the highlight icon is "clickable", it means we've verified the highlight.
User satisfaction is calculated using online reviews and a Bayesian average across all personal care and cosmetic products on Welpr.
All-Natural Shampoo - Captain Blankenship
Certifications
Highlights
User Satisfaction
Est. Price
$29.00
Product Details
- Plant-based gentle cleansing formula suitable for all hair types, including curly and color-treated hair.
- Incorporates organic aloe vera for hydration and added shine.
- Nourishing blend of organic seaweed extracts such as bladderwrack, sea kelp, and spirulina provides vitamins, minerals, and amino acids.
- Scented with natural essential oils of lemongrass and lime for a fresh citrus fragrance.
- Vegan-friendly product made with sustainable and organic ingredients.
- Product packaging includes a BPA-free lined aluminum bottle that is recyclable.
- Free from parabens, silicones, synthetic fragrances, and cruelty; Leaping Bunny certified.
Pros & Cons
Pros Mentioned
- Smells
- Clean
- Shiny
Cons Mentioned
- Watery
Ingredients
Ingredients can vary by product variation and may change at any time by the manufacturer. For the most complete and up-to-date list of ingredients, refer to the product packaging.
To analyze individual ingredients, use INCIDecoder.
Ingredients: Aloe Barbadensis Leaf Juice*, Water (Eau), Sodium Cocoyl Glutamate, Decyl Glucoside, Glycerin, Sodium Lauryl Glucose Carboxylate, Citric Acid, Lauryl Glucoside, Coco-Glucoside, Glyceryl Oleate, Laminaria Digitata Extract*, Fucus Vesiculosus Extract*, Ascophyllum Nodosum Extract*, Porphyra Umbilicalis Extract*, Alaria Esculenta Extract*, Carrageenan, Citrus Aurantium Dulcis (Orange) Peel Oil*, Citrus Aurantifolia (Lime) Oil*, Cymbopogon Flexuosus Oil*, Rosmarinus Officinalis (Rosemary) Leaf Extract*, Xanthan Gum, Babassu Oil Polyglyceryl-4 Esters, Sodium Levulinate, Sea Salt (Sel Marin), Polyglyceryl-10 Laurate, Polyglyceryl-10 Oleate, Caprylyl/Capryl Glucoside, Sodium Phytate, Magnesium Sulfate, Sodium Salicylate, Sodium Anisate *Certified Organic Ingredient
Third-party certifications are key indicators of a product's safety, ethics, and environmental impact. Click the icon to verify the certification.
Highlights aren't always verifiable, so you're trusting the brand when they say "lead free", etc. If the highlight icon is "clickable", it means we've verified the highlight.
User satisfaction is calculated using online reviews and a Bayesian average across all personal care and cosmetic products on Welpr.
Classic Shampoo - Aesop
Certifications
Highlights
User Satisfaction
Est. Price
$50.00
Product Details
- Mild formulation includes oils of Cedarwood Bark and Juniper Berry for thorough cleansing.
- Features Hydrolysed Vegetable Protein to hydrate and soften hair.
- Ideal for normal hair and frequent use, suited to those who wash their hair frequently.
- Low-foaming clear gel texture.
- Distinctive mint, herbaceous aroma.
- Paraben-free, cruelty-free, and vegan.
Pros & Cons
Pros Mentioned
- Cleansing
- Scent
- Quality
Cons Mentioned
- Price
Ingredients
Ingredients can vary by product variation and may change at any time by the manufacturer. For the most complete and up-to-date list of ingredients, refer to the product packaging.
To analyze individual ingredients, use INCIDecoder.
Ingredients: Water (Aqua), Sodium Laureth Sulfate, Coco-Betaine, Propylene Glycol, Ammonium Laureth Sulfate, Polysorbate 20, Sodium Cocoamphoacetate, Cocamide MIPA, Polyquaternium-67, Phenoxyethanol, Sodium Citrate, Mentha Citrata Leaf Extract, Cedrus Atlantica (Cedarwood) Bark Oil, Citrus Tangerina (Tangerine) Peel Oil, Lavandula Angustifolia (Lavender) Oil, Citric Acid, Sea Salt (Maris Sal), Foeniculum Vulgare (Fennel) Oil, Mentha Piperita (Peppermint) Oil, Rosmarinus Officinalis (Rosemary) Leaf Oil, Ethylhexylglycerin, Magnesium Nitrate, Methylchloroisothiazolinone, Magnesium Chloride, Methylisothiazolinone, D-Limonene, Linalool
Third-party certifications are key indicators of a product's safety, ethics, and environmental impact. Click the icon to verify the certification.
Highlights aren't always verifiable, so you're trusting the brand when they say "lead free", etc. If the highlight icon is "clickable", it means we've verified the highlight.
User satisfaction is calculated using online reviews and a Bayesian average across all personal care and cosmetic products on Welpr.
Natural Pure Harmony Hairbath Shampoo - Innersense
Certifications
User Satisfaction
Est. Price
$30.00
Product Details
- Gentle moisturizing shampoo suitable for fine to medium hair types.
- Formulated without sulfates, parabens, silicones, phthalates, propylene glycol, ethoxylates, synthetic fragrances, gluten, PEG, MEA, TEA, MIA, EDTA, and artificial dyes.
- Features coconut, rice bran, avocado oils, shea butter, and quinoa to nourish and strengthen hair.
- Includes pumpkin seed oil to increase circulation and release tension.
- Contains green tea which is high in antioxidants for healing properties.
- Scented with orange and tangerine, enhancing vibrancy and adding body.
- Cruelty-free product, ensuring no animal testing.
- Leaves hair voluminous and balanced without residue or dryness.
Pros & Cons
Pros Mentioned
- Lathers
- Soft
- Nourishing
Cons Mentioned
- Pricey
Ingredients
Ingredients can vary by product variation and may change at any time by the manufacturer. For the most complete and up-to-date list of ingredients, refer to the product packaging.
To analyze individual ingredients, use INCIDecoder.
Ingredients: Water, Aqua- Eau, Cocamidopropyl Hydroxysultaine, Sodium Cocoyl Isethionate, Caprylyl/Capryl Glucoside, Glycerin, Sodium Chloride, Sodium Lauroyl Methyl Isethionate, Butyrosepermum Parkii (Shea Butter), Citrus Aurantium Dulcis (Orange) Peel Oil, Citrus Medica Limonum (Lemon) Peel Oil, Eucalyptus Globulus (Eucalyptus), Cucurbita Pepo (Pumpkin Seed Oil)*, Hydroxypropyltrimonium Honey, Hydrolyzed Quinoa, Trisodium Ethylenediamine Disuccinate, Sodium Benzoate, Hydrolyzed Rice Protein, Guar Hydroxypropyltrimonium Chloride, Persea Gratissima (Avocado) Oil, Oryza Sativa (Rice) Bran Oil, Camellia Sinensis (Green Tea) Leaf Extract*, Cucumis Sativus (Cucumber) Fruit Extract, Persea Gratissima (Avocado)* Fruit Extract, Mangifera Indica (Mango)* Fruit Extract
Third-party certifications are key indicators of a product's safety, ethics, and environmental impact. Click the icon to verify the certification.
Highlights aren't always verifiable, so you're trusting the brand when they say "lead free", etc. If the highlight icon is "clickable", it means we've verified the highlight.
User satisfaction is calculated using online reviews and a Bayesian average across all personal care and cosmetic products on Welpr.
Natural Shampoo - Ursa Major
Certifications
Highlights
User Satisfaction
Est. Price
$26.00
Product Details
- Formulated with 30 naturally-derived ingredients, including coconut-derived surfactants for a creamy lather.
- Contains macadamia for nourishment and bergamot to condition hair and remove buildup.
- Sulfate-free to avoid stripping hair and scalp of moisture.
- Free from petrochemicals, parabens, synthetic fragrance or color, glycols, silicones, and PEGs.
- Aroma features a warm, woodsy blend with ginger, balsam, and fir.
- Suitable for daily use and can be used alone or with natural conditioner.
- Designed for both men and women and effective for all hair types.
- Vegan, gluten-free, and certified cruelty-free.
Pros & Cons
Pros Mentioned
- Cleansing
- Softening
- Natural
Cons Mentioned
- Expensive
Ingredients
Ingredients can vary by product variation and may change at any time by the manufacturer. For the most complete and up-to-date list of ingredients, refer to the product packaging.
To analyze individual ingredients, use INCIDecoder.
Ingredients: Aloe Barbadensis Leaf Juice*, Sodium Methyl Cocoyl Taurate, Sodium Lauroyl Methyl Isethionate, Lauramidopropyl Betaine, Glycerin, Decyl Glucoside, Macadamia Integrifolia Seed Oil, Abies Balsamea (Balsam Canada) Extract, Citrus Aurantium Bergamia (Bergamot) Fruit Oil, Calcium Gluconate, Santalum Album (Sandalwood) Oil, Boswellia Carterii Oil, Glycyrrhiza Glabra (Licorice) Root Extract, Hydrolyzed Soy Protein, Zingiber Officinale (Ginger) Root Oil, Cistus Ladaniferus Oil, Myroxylon Pereirae (Balsam Peru) Oil, Guar Hydroxypropyltrimonium Chloride, Citrus Aurantium Dulcis (Orange) Peel Oil, Citrus Limon (Lemon) Peel Oil, Panthenol, Juniperus Oxycedrus Wood Tar, Lavandula Hybrida Oil, Abies Sibirica Oil, Citric Acid, Pogostemon Cablin Oil, Gluconolactone, Myristica Fragrans (Nutmeg) Kernel Oil, Sodium Benzoate, Rosa Damascena Flower Extract
Third-party certifications are key indicators of a product's safety, ethics, and environmental impact. Click the icon to verify the certification.
Highlights aren't always verifiable, so you're trusting the brand when they say "lead free", etc. If the highlight icon is "clickable", it means we've verified the highlight.
User satisfaction is calculated using online reviews and a Bayesian average across all personal care and cosmetic products on Welpr.
HG Shampoo - Bondi Boost
Certifications
Highlights
User Satisfaction
Est. Price
$24.00
Product Details
- Improves the appearance of thinning hair
- Suitable for both men and women
- Formulated for thinning and aging hair
- Contains a proprietary phytoactive boosting blend including Aloe Vera, Peppermint, Rosemary, and Saw Palmetto
- Fights against thinning hair
- Vegan-friendly and cruelty-free
- Safe for colored and chemically treated hair
- Rich in essential vitamins and nutrients suitable for permed, natural and curly hair
- Enhances hair condition and manageability
- Sulfate and paraben-free
- Made in Australia
Pros & Cons
Pros Mentioned
- Soothing
- Lightweight
- Cleansing
Cons Mentioned
- Greasy
Ingredients
Ingredients can vary by product variation and may change at any time by the manufacturer. For the most complete and up-to-date list of ingredients, refer to the product packaging.
To analyze individual ingredients, use INCIDecoder.
Ingredients: Aloe Barbadensis (Aloe Vera) Leaf Juice*, Sodium Methyl Cocoyl Taurate, Cocamidopropyl Betaine, Decyl Glucoside, Coco-Glucoside, Glyceryl Oleate, Propanediol, Hydrolyzed Quinoa, Polyquaternium-10, Potassium Sorbate, Olea Europaea (Olive) Fruit Oil, Mentha Piperita (Peppermint) Leaf Oil, Hippophae Rhamnoides (Sea Buckthorn) Fruit Oil, Mentha Arvensis*, Hydrolyzed Jojoba Esters, Linum Usitatissmum (Linseed) Seed Oil*, Squalane, Helianthus Annuus (Sunflower) Seed Oil*, Queensland Nut (Macadamia Ternifolia) Seed Oil*, Rosmarinus Officinalis (Rosemary) Leaf Extract*, Serenoa Serrulata (Saw Palmetto) Fruit Extract*, Hibiscus Sabdariffa Flower Extract (Roselle), Hylocereus Undatus Fruit (Dragonfruit) Extract, Urtica Dioica (Nettle) Leaf Extract*, Equisetum Arvense (Horsetail) Leaf Extract, Chamomilla Recutita (Matricaria) Flower Extract*, Pentylene Glycol, Caprylyl Glycol, Ethylhexyglycerin, Citric Acid* *Certified Organic Ingredients
Third-party certifications are key indicators of a product's safety, ethics, and environmental impact. Click the icon to verify the certification.
Highlights aren't always verifiable, so you're trusting the brand when they say "lead free", etc. If the highlight icon is "clickable", it means we've verified the highlight.
User satisfaction is calculated using online reviews and a Bayesian average across all personal care and cosmetic products on Welpr.
Shampoo Ultra Hydrating Moisture & Omega Fatty Acids - Acure
Certifications
Highlights
User Satisfaction
Est. Price
$7.29
Product Details
- Designed for performance-driven hair care, it provides lasting moisture, making hair soft, manageable, and ready for styling.
- Formulated with organic argan oil and pumpkin to supply omega fatty acids which deeply nourish and replenish dry, damaged hair.
- Helps reduce frizz, increases shine and elasticity, and supports healthy hair growth.
- 100% vegan and certified cruelty-free.
- Free from parabens, sulfates, mineral oil, petrolatum, and formaldehyde.
- Usage instructions: Apply to wet hair, massage into scalp and through to the ends, then rinse thoroughly.
Pros & Cons
Pros Mentioned
- Hydrating
- Smoothing
- Gentle
Cons Mentioned
- Residue
Ingredients
Ingredients can vary by product variation and may change at any time by the manufacturer. For the most complete and up-to-date list of ingredients, refer to the product packaging.
To analyze individual ingredients, use INCIDecoder.
Ingredients: Water (Eau), Aloe Barbadensis Leaf Juice*, Sodium Lauroyl Methyl Isethionate, Cocamidopropyl Betaine, Betaine, Glycerin, Cocoglucosides Hydroxypropyltrimonium Chloride, Argania Spinosa Kernel Oil*, Cucurbita Pepo (Pumpkin) Seed Oil, Rubus Fruticosus (Blackberry) Fruit Extract*, Chamomilla Recutita (Matricaria) Flower Extract*, Euterpe Oleracea Fruit Extract*, Rosa Canina Fruit Extract*, Calendula Officinalis Flower Extract*, Aspalathus Linearis Leaf Extract*, Punica Granatum Extract*, Prunus Amygdalus Dulcis (Sweet Almond) Seed Extract, Cinnamomum Cassia Bark Oil, Levulinic Acid, Sodium Levulinate, Guar Hydroxypropyltrimonium Chloride, Benzaldehyde, Sodium Cocoyl Glutamate, Sodium Methyl Cocoyl Taurate, Citric Acid, Sodium Hydroxide* Certified Organic/Certifié Biologique
Third-party certifications are key indicators of a product's safety, ethics, and environmental impact. Click the icon to verify the certification.
Highlights aren't always verifiable, so you're trusting the brand when they say "lead free", etc. If the highlight icon is "clickable", it means we've verified the highlight.
User satisfaction is calculated using online reviews and a Bayesian average across all personal care and cosmetic products on Welpr.
Mighty Majesty - Veda 4 Bond Complex Regenerative Shampoo - RANAVAT
Highlights
User Satisfaction
Est. Price
$48.00
Product Details
- Made with a clinically proven formula focused on the root of hair health: the scalp.
- Proprietary Veda Bond Complex nourishes and repairs the scalp for silkier and more voluminous hair.
- Clinically proven to reduce scalp irritation and increase hair shine, containing no Silicone or SLS.
- Safe for use on color treated hair.
- Provides 43% bond strengthening repair after each use based on a clinical study.
- In a clinical study, 89% of subjects felt increased scalp hydration and 83% reported smoother hair.
- Recommended usage: lather, massage thoroughly into the scalp, rinse well, and follow with a conditioner.
- Products rooted in Ayurvedic principles and focus on vegan and organic formulas.
- Packaging selected for recyclability, balancing quality and environmental consideration.
Pros & Cons
Pros Mentioned
- Clean
- Lasting
- Body
Ingredients
Ingredients can vary by product variation and may change at any time by the manufacturer. For the most complete and up-to-date list of ingredients, refer to the product packaging.
To analyze individual ingredients, use INCIDecoder.
Ingredients: Water (Aqua/Eau), Glycerin, Sodium Lauroyl Methyl Isethionate, Maltodextrin, Cocamidopropyl Betaine, Sodium Cocoyl Isethionate, Sodium Methyl Oleoyl Taurate, Nelumbo Nucifera (Lotus) Flower Water, Hibiscus Sabdariffa (Hibiscus) Flower Extract, Phyllanthus Emblica (Amla) Extract, Withania Somnifera (Ashwagandha) Herb Extract, Acacia Concinna (Shikakai) Fruit Extract, Melia Azadirachta (Neem) Leaf Extract, Jasminum Officinale (Jasmine) Flower Extract, Panthenol, Propanediol, Guar Hydroxypropyltrimonium Chloride, Tocopherol, Citric Acid, Leuconostoc/Radish Root Ferment Filtrate, Potassium Sorbate, Sodium Benzoate, Dehydroacetic Acid, Benzyl Alcohol **Vegetable Derived +Non-GMO Soy
Third-party certifications are key indicators of a product's safety, ethics, and environmental impact. Click the icon to verify the certification.
Highlights aren't always verifiable, so you're trusting the brand when they say "lead free", etc. If the highlight icon is "clickable", it means we've verified the highlight.
User satisfaction is calculated using online reviews and a Bayesian average across all personal care and cosmetic products on Welpr.
Organic Seabuckthorn Shampoo - Living Libations
Highlights
User Satisfaction
Est. Price
$49.00
Product Details
- Brings out the best in all hair types without the use of chemical suds.
- Filled with a bounty of nature's botanical essences and herbs to nourish and harmonize hair without weighing it down.
- Can be used safely on babies and children, and doubles as a bubble bath and body wash.
- Made with natural, organic, and wildcrafted ingredients.
- Handmade in small batches, with variations in color, consistency, and scent as expected of natural products.
- Bottled in recyclable glass packaging.
- Free from parabens, sulfates, cruelty, and gluten.
Pros & Cons
Pros Mentioned
- Shiny
- Soft
- Clean
Cons Mentioned
- Expensive
Ingredients
Ingredients can vary by product variation and may change at any time by the manufacturer. For the most complete and up-to-date list of ingredients, refer to the product packaging.
To analyze individual ingredients, use INCIDecoder.
Ingredients: Organic Ingredients: Spring Water, Simmondsia Chinensis (Jojoba) Oil, Hippophae Rhamnoides (Seabuckthorn Berry), Cocos Nucifera (Coco-Protein), Yucca Elata (Yucca), Fucus Vesiculosus (Bladderwrack Seaweed), Citrus Aurantium Dulcis (Orange Wax), Calendula Officinalis (Calendula), Trifolium Pretense (Red Clover), Avena Sativa (Oatstraw), Equisetum Arvense (Horsetail), Tussilago Farfara (Coltsfoot), Symphtum Officinalis (Comfrey), Urtica Dioica (Stinging Nettles), Anthem Noblis (Chamomile), Citrus Paradisi (Grapefruit), Mentha Piperita (Peppermint), Vetiveria Zizanioides (Vetiver), Citrus Aurantifolia (Lime), And Rosmarinus Officinalis And Salvia Officinalis (Rosemary And Sage) Co2 Extracts
Third-party certifications are key indicators of a product's safety, ethics, and environmental impact. Click the icon to verify the certification.
Highlights aren't always verifiable, so you're trusting the brand when they say "lead free", etc. If the highlight icon is "clickable", it means we've verified the highlight.
User satisfaction is calculated using online reviews and a Bayesian average across all personal care and cosmetic products on Welpr.
Men's Shea Moisturizing Shampoo - SheaMoisture
Certifications
Highlights
User Satisfaction
Est. Price
$15.99
Product Details
- No animal testing for beauty products
- 3rd-party certification required for organic claims on body care products
Pros & Cons
Pros Mentioned
- Moisturizing
- Affordable
- Smells
Cons Mentioned
- Texture
Ingredients
Ingredients can vary by product variation and may change at any time by the manufacturer. For the most complete and up-to-date list of ingredients, refer to the product packaging.
To analyze individual ingredients, use INCIDecoder.
Ingredients: Water, Sodium Methyl Lauroyl Taurate, Cocamidopropyl Betaine, Sodium Chloride, Glycol Distearate, Glycerin (Vegetable), Butyrospermum Parkii (Shea) Butter*, Butyrospermum Parkii (Shea) Oil, Trichilia Emetica (Mafura) Seed Butter, Rosmarinus Officianlis (Rosemary) Leaf Oil, Althaea Officinalis (Marshmallow) Root Extract, Gellidiela Acerosa (Algae) Extract, Niacinamide, Tocopherol, Glycine Soja (Soybean) Oil, Polyquaternium-10, Lauric Acid, N-Methyl Taurine, Citric Acid, Sodium Phytate, Sodium Benzoate, Caprylyl Glycol, Fragrance
Third-party certifications are key indicators of a product's safety, ethics, and environmental impact. Click the icon to verify the certification.
Highlights aren't always verifiable, so you're trusting the brand when they say "lead free", etc. If the highlight icon is "clickable", it means we've verified the highlight.
User satisfaction is calculated using online reviews and a Bayesian average across all personal care and cosmetic products on Welpr.
Natural Botanical Shampoo With Sweet Almond Oil + Oat Proteins - Reverie
Certifications
Highlights
User Satisfaction
Est. Price
$38.00
Product Details
- Gentle yet effective sulfate-free and silicone-free formula that cleanses and adds essential nutrition for healthy, voluminous hair.
- Formulated to address scalp and hair shaft needs, removing build-up and allowing longer intervals between washes.
- Improves hair strength and restores vibrancy; safe for color-treated hair.
- Contains sugar cane and coconut for lather without stripping hair of hydration.
- A blend of botanical ingredients including amino acids and sweet almond oil to strengthen and moisturize hair.
- pH balanced between 5.5 - 6.1 to support a healthy scalp and strong hair strands.
- Vegan, cruelty-free, and free from sulfates, silicones, parabens, phthalates, artificial fragrances, coloring, glycols, petrochemicals, glutens, animal derivatives, T.E.A, and D.E.A.
Pros & Cons
Pros Mentioned
- Cleanses
- Gentle
- Refreshing
Cons Mentioned
- Drying
Ingredients
Ingredients can vary by product variation and may change at any time by the manufacturer. For the most complete and up-to-date list of ingredients, refer to the product packaging.
To analyze individual ingredients, use INCIDecoder.
Ingredients: Aqua, Lauryl Glucoside, Coco Glucoside, Sodium Cocoyl Glutamate, Caprylyl Capryl Glucoside, Glyceryl Laurate, Sodium Lauroamphoacetate, Gluconolactone, Sodium Lauroyl Glutamate, Sodium PCA, Sodium Lactate, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, PCA, Glycine, Alanine, Serine, Valine, Proline, Threonine, Isoleucine, Histidine, Phenylalanine, Hydrolyzed Sweet Almond Seedcake, Phospholipids, Hydrolyzed Oat Protein, Panthenol, Phosphorus, Magnesium Ascorbyl Phosphate, Calcium Pantothenate, Magnesium Salicylate, Zinc Gluconate, Xylitylglucoside, Anhydroxylitol, Xylitol, PCA Glyceryl Oleate, Citrus Paradisi (Pink Grapefruit) Peel Oil, Citrus Aurantium Amara (Neroli) Flower/Leaf Oil, Backhousia Citriodora (Lemon Myrtle) Leaf Oil, Citrus Bergamia (Bergamot) Peel Oil, Pelargonium Graveolens (Geranium) Leaf/Flower Oil, Jasminum Grandiflorum (Jasmine) Flower Oil, Vanilla Planifolia (Bourbon Vanilla) Fruit Extract, Santalum Spicatum (Sandalwood) Wood Oil, Elettaria Cardamomum (Cardamom) Seed Extract, Myroxylon Balsamum Var. Pereirae (Balsam) Resin Extract, Pogostemon Cablin (Patchouli) Leaf Oil, Bisabolol, Phenethyl Alcohol, Sodium Benzoate, Sodium Phytate, Citric Acid, *Limonene, *Linalool, *Benzyl Benzoate *Naturally Occurring By-Product Of Essential Oils Ingredients In Bold Are Certified Organic
Third-party certifications are key indicators of a product's safety, ethics, and environmental impact. Click the icon to verify the certification.
Highlights aren't always verifiable, so you're trusting the brand when they say "lead free", etc. If the highlight icon is "clickable", it means we've verified the highlight.
User satisfaction is calculated using online reviews and a Bayesian average across all personal care and cosmetic products on Welpr.
OI Shampoo - Davines
Certifications
Highlights
User Satisfaction
Est. Price
$38.00
Product Details
- Nourishes all hair types
- Enhances shine and volume
- Leaves hair silky-smooth
Pros & Cons
Pros Mentioned
- Hydrating
- Smoothing
- Aromatic
Cons Mentioned
- Rough
Ingredients
Ingredients can vary by product variation and may change at any time by the manufacturer. For the most complete and up-to-date list of ingredients, refer to the product packaging.
To analyze individual ingredients, use INCIDecoder.
Ingredients: Aqua / Water / Eau, Sodium Lauroyl Methyl Isethionate, Disodium Laureth Sulfosuccinate, Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate, Cocamidopropyl Betaine, Sodium Lauryl Sulfoacetate, Panthenol, Parfum / Fragrance, Benzyl Alcohol, Sodium Methyl 2-Sulfolaureate, Acrylates/C10-30 Alkyl Acrylate Crosspolymer, Ppg-26-Buteth-26, Phenethyl Benzoate, Coco-Glucoside, Glyceryl Oleate, Sodium Benzoate, Peg-40 Hydrogenated Castor Oil, Glycol Distearate, Sodium Hydroxide, Trisodium Ethylenediamine Disuccinate, Polyquaternium-7, Citric Acid, Disodium 2-Sulfolaureate, Amodimethicone, Guar Hydroxypropyltrimonium Chloride, C11-15 Pareth-7, Helianthus Annuus Seed Oil/Helianthus Annuus (Sunflower) Seed Oil, Sodium Chloride, Glyceryl Stearate, Glycerin, Laureth-9, Citronellol, Geraniol, Trideceth-12, Bixa Orellana Seed Extract
Third-party certifications are key indicators of a product's safety, ethics, and environmental impact. Click the icon to verify the certification.
Highlights aren't always verifiable, so you're trusting the brand when they say "lead free", etc. If the highlight icon is "clickable", it means we've verified the highlight.
User satisfaction is calculated using online reviews and a Bayesian average across all personal care and cosmetic products on Welpr.
Glossy Locks Moisture Drench Shampoo - 100% Pure
Certifications
User Satisfaction
Est. Price
$34.00
Product Details
- Deeply moisturizes and gently cleanses without stripping or dehydrating hair.
- Improves hydration, shine, and bounce in hair with aloe vera, rose hydrosol, cucumber, coconut oil, and seaweed collagen.
- Stimulates hair growth and promotes stronger strands with nourishing ingredients like horsetail plant and biotin.
- Designed to relieve dryness, itchy scalp, and split ends.
- Formulated to be safe for color-treated hair and follows cruelty-free, ethically sourced standards.
- Free from harsh toxic chemicals, including sulfates, parabens, phthalates, PEGs, and artificial fragrances.
Pros & Cons
Pros Mentioned
- Moisturizing
- Gentle
- Natural
Cons Mentioned
- Drying
Ingredients
Ingredients can vary by product variation and may change at any time by the manufacturer. For the most complete and up-to-date list of ingredients, refer to the product packaging.
To analyze individual ingredients, use INCIDecoder.
Ingredients: Aloe Barbadensis (Organic Aloe Vera) Leaf Juice, Rosa Centifolia (Organic Rose Hydrosol) Flower Water, Sodium Cocoate (Saponified Coconut) Oil, Seaweed Collagen, Vegetarian Glycerin, Plant Cellulose, Citrus Aurantium Sinensis (Orange) Fiber, Biotin, Extracts Of Camellia Sinensis (Organic Green Tea) Leaf, Cucumis Sativus (Cucumber) Fruit, Matricaria Chamomilla (Chamomile) Leaf, Equisetum Arvense (Horsetail), Symphytum Officinale (Comfrey) Leaf, Urtica Dioica (Nettle), Argania Spinosa (Argan) Oil, Natural Fragrance, Lonicera Caprifolium (Japanese Honeysuckle), Sodium Hyaluronate (Hyaluronic Acid)
Third-party certifications are key indicators of a product's safety, ethics, and environmental impact. Click the icon to verify the certification.
Highlights aren't always verifiable, so you're trusting the brand when they say "lead free", etc. If the highlight icon is "clickable", it means we've verified the highlight.
User satisfaction is calculated using online reviews and a Bayesian average across all personal care and cosmetic products on Welpr.
Clear Shampoo - Under Luna
Highlights
Est. Price
$69.99
Product Details
- Free of all scents and essential oils
- Contains nutrient-rich nettle leaf and scalp-healing plantain
- Formulated with soothing and moisturizing organic golden jojoba oil
- Suitable for balanced to dry scalps and individuals with sensitivities across all ages
- Instructions specify applying 3 pumps, massaging into scalp, rinsing, and repeating for hair cleansing; follow with conditioner
- Advises conducting a patch test on kids before use to ensure no allergic reaction
- External use only and should avoid contact with eyes
- Not labeled as hypoallergenic; consultation with a doctor recommended if unsure about product suitability
Ingredients
Ingredients can vary by product variation and may change at any time by the manufacturer. For the most complete and up-to-date list of ingredients, refer to the product packaging.
To analyze individual ingredients, use INCIDecoder.
Ingredients: Purified Water, Coco-glucoside 'Coconut', Yucca Schidigera Root Extract, Quillaja Saponaria Bark Extract, Smilax Aristolochiaefolia ‘Sarsaparilla’ Root Extract, Dioscorea Villosa ‘Wild Yam’ Root Extract, Vegetable Glycerin, Simmondsia Chinensis ‘Jojoba’ Oil*, Matricaria Chamomilla ‘Chamomile’ Flower Extract*, Calendula Officinalis ‘Calendula’ Flower Extract*, Urtica Dioica 'Nettle Leaf' Extract*, Plantar Lanceolata 'Plantain Leaf' Extract*, Aloe Barbadensis Leaf Juice, Panthenol (Vitamin B5), Leuconostoc/radish Root Ferment Filtrate, Lactobacillus, Cocos Nucifera ‘Coconut’ Fruit Extract, Xanthan Gum, Lactic Acid, Citric Acid. *Organic
Third-party certifications are key indicators of a product's safety, ethics, and environmental impact. Click the icon to verify the certification.
Highlights aren't always verifiable, so you're trusting the brand when they say "lead free", etc. If the highlight icon is "clickable", it means we've verified the highlight.
User satisfaction is calculated using online reviews and a Bayesian average across all personal care and cosmetic products on Welpr.
Cocomino Glossing Shampoo - Drunk Elephant
Certifications
Highlights
User Satisfaction
Est. Price
$27.00
Product Details
- Sulfate-free and safe for colored hair, promoting a gentle cleansing without damaging hair shaft or stripping color.
- Formulated with fatty acid-rich coconut-based surfactants that create a creamy foam to effectively lift dirt and styling products.
- Contains quick-absorbing amino acids that enhance hair's health, giving it a glossier look with added body and bounce.
- Recommended to be used with Cocomino Marula Cream Conditioner for optimal results.
- Incorporates biocompatible ingredients which are non-irritating and easily absorbed by the skin.
- Features a blend of nourishing oils and hydrating agents that maintain hair's cleanliness and moisture.
- Includes Sacha Inchi Seed Oil and Panthenol to moisturize and soothe scalp while strengthening hair.
- Utilizes Polyquaternium-10, a conditioning agent that helps manage frizz and maintain conditioning between shampoos.
Pros & Cons
Pros Mentioned
- Lightweight
- Softening
- Curl-enhancing
Cons Mentioned
- Overpriced
Ingredients
Ingredients can vary by product variation and may change at any time by the manufacturer. For the most complete and up-to-date list of ingredients, refer to the product packaging.
To analyze individual ingredients, use INCIDecoder.
Ingredients: Water/Aqua/Eau, Sodium Lauroyl Methyl Isethionate, Cocamidopropyl Betaine, Sodium Methyl Oleoyl Taurate, Sodium Cocoyl Isethionate, Coconut Alkanes, Sclerocarya Birrea Seed Oil, Argania Spinosa Kernel Oil, Passiflora Edulis Seed Oil, Plukenetia Volubilis Seed Oil, Prunus Amygdalus Dulcis (Sweet Almond) Oil, Rosa Canina Fruit Oil, Glycerin, Sodium PCA, Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride, Helianthus Annuus (Sunflower) Seed Oil, Panthenol, Glycol Distearate, Sodium Lactate, Equisetum Arvense Extract, PCA, Alanine, Arginine, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Valine, Adansonia Digitata Seed Extract, Trisodium Ethylenediamine Disuccinate, Prunus Amygdalus Dulcis (Sweet Almond) Seed Extract, Citric Acid, Aspartic Acid, Polyquaternium-10, Polyquaternium-7, Laureth-4, Coco-Caprylate/Caprate, Caprylyl Glycol, Sodium Benzoate, Chlorphenesin, Phenoxyethanol
Third-party certifications are key indicators of a product's safety, ethics, and environmental impact. Click the icon to verify the certification.
Highlights aren't always verifiable, so you're trusting the brand when they say "lead free", etc. If the highlight icon is "clickable", it means we've verified the highlight.
User satisfaction is calculated using online reviews and a Bayesian average across all personal care and cosmetic products on Welpr.
Black on White No Nonsense Daily Shampoo - Boyzz Only
Certifications
Est. Price
$15.80
Product Details
- Vegan and biodegradable formulation
- Hydrating properties help prevent hair breakage
- Silicone and paraben-free
- Designed for all hair types, including thick, coarse, and dry hair
- Features moisturizing effects for a soft and shiny finish
- Includes essential oils for a pleasant scent and healthy scalp
- Free from DEA, petroleum, sulfates, phthalates, synthetic color, synthetic fragrance, propylene glycol, gluten, wheat, and nuts
- Non-GMO and cruelty-free; certified by Leaping Bunny
- EWG verified and rated No.1 by CertClean for non-toxic ingredients
- Made in Canada with plant-based ingredients
Ingredients
Ingredients can vary by product variation and may change at any time by the manufacturer. For the most complete and up-to-date list of ingredients, refer to the product packaging.
To analyze individual ingredients, use INCIDecoder.
Ingredients: Aqua/Water/Eau, Coco-Glucoside, Decyl Glucoside, Carthamus Tinctorius (Safflower) Oleosomes (And) Aqua, Cocamidopropyl Betaine, Glycerin, Hydrolyzed Rice Protein, Coco-Glucoside (And) Glyceryl Oleate, Helianthus Annuus (Sunflower) Seed Oil, Gluconolactone (And) Sodium Benzoate (And) Calcium Gluconate, Hydrolyzed Jojoba Esters (&) Water (Aqua), Xanthan Gum, Ricinus Communis (Castor) Seed Oil, Euterpe Oleracea Fruit Oil, Carrageenan, Cyamopsis Tetragonoloba (Guar) Gum, Tocopherol, Citrus Sinensis Dulcis (Orange) Peel Oil, Simmondsia Chinensis (Jojoba) Seed Oil, Vanilla Planifolia Fruit Extract, Citrus Aurantium Amara (Neroli) Oil, Cedrus Atlantica (Cedarwood) Oil, Mentha Spicata (Spearmint) Leaf Oil
Our Product Rating System
First, Camille (co-creator of Welpr) hand picks cleaner product options from a variety of sources.
Next, we collect information about each product's safety, consumer satisfaction, and eco-ethical standing.
Finally, we run all this information through an algorithm that calculates the Welpr Rating.
Welpr Rating:
5.0/5
Part 1: Product safety
We evaluate safety information from 3rd party organizations (e.g. EWG, Made Safe, etc.). Instead of relying solely on any one of these companies for safety information, we assess all of them.
Part 2: Consumer satisfaction
We scour the web for consumer ratings and reviews to verify products are not only cleaner options, but also effective. Products can either be Above Average, Average, or Below average for their respective category (e.g. cleaning products).
Part 3: Ethics & Environment
When you buy a product, you’re supporting that company with your dollars. We believe it’s important to support ethical companies, so we pool together certifications that verify a company's ethics and environmental impact.
Common Harmful Chemicals in Shampoo
Chemical Name
Why it’s harmful
Anthracene
Anthracene (ANT) is prominently used in various sectors including dyeing, organic semiconductor research, and the creation of smoke screens. ANT ingestion is linked to melanosis coli, a condition potentially tied to colorectal tumors, and increased apoptosis in epithelial cells. In workplace exposure studies (1946-2002), workers exposed to ANT and similar substances developed different skin cancers, however, no carcinogenicity was found in animal skin tests. Genotoxicity tests on bacteria presented negative results for most cases while ecotoxicity studies showed that ANT exposure caused oxidative stress in organisms and proved fatal for bluegill sunfish under sunlight.
Benzethonium Chloride
Benzalkonium chloride, when used as a spermaticide, can cause vaginal irritation. A fatal dose by ingestion is 1-3 grams, with symptoms including vomiting, convulsions, and coma. It is corrosive to eyes, a skin irritant, and can cause allergic contact dermatitis, methemoglobinemia and hemolysis. It has a potential to kill within 1-3 hours if concentrated solutions are ingested. Despite the threat it poses, there are no data on its carcinogenicity or teratogenicity and it doesn't interfere with embryo development in rats.
Benzo[a]pyrene
Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon released into the atmosphere through various processes, including industrial activities, forest fires, and burning of fuel. Human exposure to BaP is associated with adverse birth outcomes, diminished fertility, neurobehavioral effects, and strong evidence of carcinogenicity in certain occupations. Accumulation of BaP in human blood plasma contributes to chromosomal aberrations. Animal studies demonstrate BaP's association with developmental, reproductive, and immunological effects, indicating its carcinogenic nature. Ecotoxicity studies on various species like ducks and rainbow trout indicate poor survival rates and developmental abnormalities, evidencing BaP's broad capacity for environmental harm.
Benzophenone
Benzophenone (BZP) is a photoinitiator, fragrance enhancer, and ultraviolet stabilizer, used in a variety of industrial applications. Despite not being registered as a pesticide in the U.S., it's involved in the production of insecticides and agricultural chemicals. Its toxic effects on humans are scarcely documented, but it presents little hormonal activity on cell lines. Animal studies show it possesses no estrogenic activity, but it can transform into derivatives with such activity under UV irradiation. It did not show reproductive toxicity or carcinogenicity in rats and mice, respectively, even at high doses. It can be bioactivated through specific enzymes. For aquatic life, fathead minnow larvae were more sensitive to BZP, ranking it in the middle of the toxicity order of six benzene derivatives.
Sources:
Benzophenone & Related Compounds, Chemical Profile: Benzophenone, Toxicological evaluation of benzophenone, Benzophenone – information sheet, Proposition 65 Warnings: Benzophenone, OEHHA: Benzophenone, FDA Removes 7 Synthetic Flavoring Substances from Food Additives List, Benzophenone-3, a chemical UV-filter in cosmetics: is it really safe for children and pregnant women? ,
Butylparaben
Butylparaben, a chemical used in various products, has been shown to cause skin irritation in humans and potential sensitization in dermatitis patients. Animal studies indicate that it has low to moderate oral toxicity and can cause damage to the liver, spleen, and thymus. It can also lead to cell proliferation in rats' stomachs, though it was not found to be carcinogenic or mutagenic. However, it may negatively impact sperm viability and activity, as demonstrated in different in vitro and in vivo studies. Lastly, it proposed weaker aquatic toxicity compared to parabens with longer alkyl chains, but still showed estrogenic effects in certain fish species.
Cetrimonium Bromide
Cetrimonium Bromide is a versatile substance utilized in various products, including topical anti-bacterial and anti-fungal preparations, cosmetics, hair care, throat lozenges, antiseptic gels, and vaccine production. It serves as a surfactant and emulsifier and typically requires skin contact to cause a rash. Its applications range from skincare and haircare products to throat lozenges and vaccine production.
DEA Oleth-3 Phosphate
DEA Oleth-3 phosphate is employed in skincare as an emulsifying, cleansing, and dispersing agent that facilitates the cohesive mixing of oil and water ingredients in cosmetic products. It is a combination of ethoxylated fatty acid oleic acid and liquid phosphoric acid. However, ethanolamines like diethanolamine (DEA), found in various consumer products including cosmetics and cleaning products, have been associated with liver tumors. To reduce contamination from carcinogenic nitrosamines, the European Commission prohibits the use of DEA in cosmetics.
DEA-Cetyl Phosphate
DEA-Cetyl Phosphate serves as an emulsifier and surfactant in cosmetics and personal care products. However, it can accumulate in the liver and kidneys, leading to organ toxicity and potential neurotoxic effects like tremors. Maternal exposure to DEA may also have lasting impacts on memory function and brain development in offspring. Furthermore, DEA has been linked to male reproductive health issues, causing abnormalities in sperm structure and function.
Ethylparaben
Ethylparaben is a chemical used as a preservative in various products including pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and adhesives. It exhibits low toxicity in humans and animals, but can cause skin irritation, particularly when applied to damaged skin, and may worsen pre-existing skin conditions. Despite causing cell proliferation in rats' forestomachs and chromosomal aberrations in a hamster ovary cell test, it has shown no evidence of causing cancer. However, it was found to be toxic to fetuses at doses toxic to the mother, though it did not cause malformations (nonteratogenic). Interestingly, while it impacted sperm viability in lab conditions, it showed no negative effects on mouse sperm in actuality.
Sources:
Campaign For Safe Cosmetics: Parabens, Product Profile: Hand Sanitizer, Parabens At A Glance, What to Know About Parabens, The effects of ethylparaben and propylparaben on the development and fecundity of Drosophila melanogaster, Ethylparaben, Amended Safety Assessment of Parabens as Used in Cosmetics, WHAT ARE PARABENS: CHEMICAL FREE LIVING, Biomonitoring Summary
Isobutylparaben
Isobutylparaben belongs to the paraben family of preservatives used in the food, pharmaceutical, and personal care product industries. Parabens mimic estrogen and have been found in breast cancer tumors in some studies. Parabens are commonly found in various personal care products and foods and have been associated with endocrine disruption, skin cancer risk, developmental and reproductive toxicity, and potential behavioral changes in offspring when exposed during gestation.
Isopropylparaben
Isopropylparaben belongs to the parabens family of preservatives utilized in the food, pharmaceutical, and personal care sectors. Parabens have estrogen-mimicking properties and pose a potential risk as endocrine disruptors. Research has detected parabens in the breast cancer tumors of a significant number of studied women, raising concerns about their safety and hormonal effects.
Lauramide DEA
Lauramide DEA is an ethanolamide mixture of lauric acid commonly used in soaps, cleansers, and shampoos. It is known to cause mild to moderate eye irritation and mild to severe skin irritation. While the Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel has deemed it safe for use, caution is advised in cosmetics and personal care products that also contain nitrosating agents to prevent the formation of potentially carcinogenic nitrosamines.
Linoleamide MEA
Linoleamide MEA is utilized in cosmetics for functions such as foam boosting, antistatic properties, viscosity control, and hair conditioning. It is used in a wide range of consumer products, including cosmetics, personal care items, and household cleaning products. However, it has the potential to irritate the eyes and skin at higher concentrations and may cause short-term exposure-related effects on the central nervous system, nasal irritation, or pulmonary edema.
Methylparaben
Methylparaben is an antimicrobial preservative used in food, drugs, and cosmetics. Some individuals can develop contact dermatitis on skin exposure, and allergic reactions have been reported on ingestion, though the evidence is not conclusive. Data from animal studies suggest that methylparaben is practically non-toxic and non-irritating in normal skin conditions, with high thresholds for observed adverse effects. However, it showed chromosome aberrations in a cell assay and variable results in different uterotrophic assays. An ecotoxicity study found changes in the expression of certain genes at specific concentrations in male medaka, a type of fish.
Myristamide DEA
Methylparaben is a non-volatile compound used as an antimicrobial preservative in various products, with contact exposure reported to cause dermatitis in some people. The mechanism of this sensitivity is not well understood, but it seems to intensify when applied to broken or damaged skin. Animal studies showed it to be generally non-toxic and non-carcinogenic, with no significant adverse effects noted at high exposure levels. There were contrasting findings on its effect in uterotrophic assays and its toxicity to sperm cells. In ecotoxicity studies, it affected the expression levels of genes in male Medaka fish at certain concentrations
Octinoxate
Octinoxate, commonly found in various cosmetic and personal care products such as hair color products, sunscreen, lipstick, and skin creams, is an endocrine disruptor that mimics estrogen and can affect thyroid function. It has been detected in human urine, blood, and breast milk, indicating systemic exposure. Octinoxate's potential health concerns include its impact on cell proliferation in response to estrogen exposure, disruptions in thyroid hormones, alterations in reproductive systems, and adverse effects on the development of male and female fetuses, as well as their offspring.
Oleamide DEA
Oleamide DEA is utilized in shampoos, hair dyes, bath products, and lotions for enhancing foaming capacity, stabilizing foam, and thickening the water-based components. However, there is a concern that in cosmetics, DEA can react with other ingredients to create a carcinogen called nitrosodiethanolamine (NDEA), which can be absorbed through the skin.
Oxybenzone
2-Hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone (Benzophenone-3; BP-3) is a compound used as a UV absorber and stabilizer in plastics, paints, and sunscreens. Human studies have found photosensitivity to it, while non-human animal studies have found that high concentrations contribute to changes in liver weight and disruptions to reproductive parameters in mice and rats. It is identified as an endocrine-disrupting chemical and can affect the behavior of certain fish species. Despite this, it did not induce gene mutations in tests with the bacterium Salmonella typhimurium.
Phenoxyethanol
2-Phenoxyethanol is a hazardous substance toxic by all routes of exposure, and is used widely in products like cosmetics, soaps, and inks, among others. The effects of exposure to this faintly aromatic, colorless, oily liquid can include eye irritation, headaches, tremors, and CNS depression. It's crucial to rinse exposed eyes with tepid water for at least 15 minutes and to wash exposed skin thoroughly with soap and water in case of contact. The substance requires preheating before ignition can occur, and if involved in a fire, gentle water spray can extinguish the fire by inducing frothing.
Polyethylene Glycol
Ingestion or dermal absorption of the chemical at more than 800-1000 mg/kg/day can lead to central nervous system depression and liver and kidney changes in animals, despite there being no significant developmental toxicity. The chemical acts as an eye irritant; however, it is poorly absorbed through the skin. Unanticipated side effects are unlikely unless there is exposure to mists of heated liquid. Notably, animal feeding studies have shown that the chemical could damage the CNS, liver, kidneys, red blood cells, and the reproductive system.
Polyquaternium
Polyquaternium, modified polymers through quaternization are known for skin toxicity and allergenicity. Prolonged exposure, especially for hairdressers and janitors, may pose risks. It's found in various products, including hair conditioners, creams, and household cleaning items. Concerns include skin irritation, formaldehyde release, and contact dermatitis. Regulations in the EU limit Quaternium-15 to 0.2% in cosmetics, while the US lacks specific regulations.
Propylparaben
Propylparaben is a stable, non-volatile compound utilized as an antimicrobial preservative in food, drugs, and cosmetics. Human exposure can cause sensitization especially if applied to damaged skin and may cause contact sensitivity with high concentrations. Extensive animal studies reveal that propylparaben is relatively non-toxic, yet it can mildly irritate skin, affect sperm counts in substantial levels, and trigger cell proliferation in the forestomach of rats. However, it is not carcinogenic, mutagenic, or clastogenic, and a significant no-observed-adverse-effect level was reported in rats. Ecotoxicity studies show that it can lead to an increase in plasma vitellogenin levels in rainbow trout and a significant decline of vitellogenin production in zebrafish at varying concentrations.
Resorcinol
Resorcinol is a white crystalline compound with various uses in areas like tanning, photography, resin manufacture, adhesives, and cosmetics. It can be used medically as an antifungal, antibacterial, and keratolytic agent, and in dermatology-related treatments, specifically for acne amongst others. Direct skin contact with the compound can cause redness, itching, dermatitis, and even corrosion of the affected area. Overexposure could lead to symptoms like irritation, dermatitis, dyspnea, drowsiness, hypothermia, and changes to spleen, kidney, and liver. Animal studies have shown that high oral doses can result in fatalities whereas smaller doses can cause changes to liver weights with no reported carcinogenic effect or mutations in Salmonella typhimurium strains.
Stearamide MEA
Stearamide Monoethanolamine (MEA) is an ingredient in cosmetics and personal care products like deodorants, shampoos, makeup, and bath items. Its role is to thicken the water-based part of these products and enhance their foaming properties and foam stability. MEA was found to be non-irritating to the skin at a 17% concentration, but it caused slight to moderate irritation to the eyes of rabbits.
Styrene
Styrene is a colorless to yellowish, oily liquid used mainly in plastic, synthetic rubber, and resin production but also as a flavoring agent. Acute human exposure can cause irritation, drowsiness, and vertigo, with skin blistering and dermatitis resulting from long-term contact. It has been linked to increased rates of certain types of cancer, liver effects, and problems with the reproductive system. Animal studies have similarly shown irritation, central nervous system effects, and links to cancers. Styrene's endocrine disruptor activity appears negligible in humans and other vertebrates, but there is evidence of impact in certain aquatic species.
Titanium Dioxide
The study on 1,576 U.S. workers exposed to TiO2 for over a year from 1956 to 1985 showed no increase in lung cancer or chronic respiratory disease, and no cases of pulmonary fibrosis. Cases of pulmonary fibrosis related to TiO2 exposure have been reported, possibly due to silica contamination. There are no listed effects for short-term or long-term exposure. Although NIOSH recognises ultrafine TiO2 as a potential occupational carcinogen, data is insufficient to classify fine TiO2 similarly. Epidemiological studies do not provide clear evidence of lung cancer risks from TiO2 dust exposure.
Triethanolamine Lauryl Sulfate
An eye irritant; May cause corneal damage on prolonged contact; [CAMEO] A skin and eye irritant, based on animal studies; [IUCLID] An irritant; May cause serious eye injury; [MSDSonline] See Triethanolamine.
Xylene
Xylene is a colorless, flammable liquid with a sweet odor that can be found in cosmetic products. Its functions include enhancing fragrance and perfuming the skin, as well as serving as a solvent to dissolve other substances in the formulation. However, it's important to note that exposure to xylene can lead to various health issues, including irritation of the eyes, nose, skin, and throat, along with symptoms like headaches, dizziness, confusion, and loss of muscle coordination.
1,4-Dioxane
1,4-Dioxane is a clear, water-soluble liquid that is primarily used as a solvent in chemical manufacturing and laboratory reagents. Other uses leverage its solvent properties, including cosmetics, detergents, and shampoos. However, manufacturers generally reduce 1,4-Dioxane to low levels in these products due to its potential health risks. Acute exposure can result in symptoms such as vertigo, drowsiness, and irritation of the eyes, nose, throat, and skin. Chronic exposure may lead to liver and kidney damage, and the substance is classified as a probable human carcinogen by the EPA. Notably, severe kidney and liver damage, CNS effects, and even death have been recorded after heavy or prolonged exposure.
Sources:
What Is 1,4-Dioxane in Laundry and Cleaning Products?, Effect of ethoxylation and lauryl alcohol on the self-assembly of sodium laurylsulfate: Significant structural and rheological transformation, Final Risk Evaluation for 1,4-Dioxane, Ongoing and Completed Chemical Risk Evaluations under TSCA, Preliminary Information on Manufacturing, Processing, Distribution, Use, and Disposal, TOXICOLOGICAL REVIEW OF 1,4-DIOXANE, 15th Report on Carcinogens, 1,4-Dioxane, Determination of residual 1,4-dioxane in surfactants and cleaning agents using headspace single-drop microextraction followed by gas chromatography–flame ionization detection, 1,4-Dioxane in Cosmetics: A Manufacturing Byproduct, An integrated assessment of the 1,4-dioxane cancer mode of action and threshold response in rodents, Campaign for Safe Cosmetics: 1,4-DIOXANE, Product Profile: Hand Sanitizer, Occurrence of 1,4-dioxane in cosmetic raw materials and finished cosmetic products, Chemical Profile: 1,4-dioxane
Benzalkonium Chloride
Benzalkonium chloride (BAC) is an organic salt known for its robust antimicrobial properties, effective against various bacteria, viruses, and fungi. It is frequently employed in healthcare settings like hospitals for disinfecting instruments and surfaces. Additionally, BAC is present in many consumer items, including hand sanitizers, wipes, eye solutions, nasal sprays, and personal care products such as soaps and shampoos. Although typically safe when used as instructed, BAC can lead to skin and eye irritation, particularly at elevated concentrations.
Sources:
Ecological Risk Analysis for Benzalkonium Chloride, Benzethonium Chloride, and Chloroxylenol in US Disinfecting and Sanitizing Products, Evaluation of pulmonary toxicity of benzalkonium chloride and triethylene glycol mixtures using in vitro and in vivo systems, Quaternary Ammonium Compounds in Cleaning Products, Impact of benzalkonium chloride, benzethonium chloride and chloroxylenol on bacterial antimicrobial resistance, Benzalkonium Chloride, SpecialChem: benzalkonium-chloride, Impact of benzalkonium chloride, benzethonium chloride and chloroxylenol on bacterial antimicrobial resistance
Benzene
Benzene is a colorless, sweet-smelling, highly flammable liquid that evaporates quickly into the air and slightly dissolves in water. It's a byproduct of both natural processes and human activities, used extensively in the U.S production of other chemicals for plastics, resins, nylon, rubbers, lubricants, dyes, detergents, drugs, and pesticides. Present in crude oil, gasoline, and cigarette smoke, benzene is also released into the air from burning coal, oil, gasoline stations, and vehicle exhaust. Short-term exposure may cause drowsiness, dizziness, and irritation, while long-term exposure leads to blood disorders, reproductive effects, and even leukemia. Benzene has been classified by EPA as a known human carcinogen, and regulations apply to various industry sectors with potentially high exposure risks.
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Diethanolamine
Diethanolamine is a chemical found in various consumer products like shampoos, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals. Acute exposure in humans can result in irritation of the nose, throat, and skin. However, no detailed data is available on its chronic, reproductive, developmental or carcinogenic effects on humans. Studies on animals reveal that acute oral exposure can influence the liver, blood, kidney, and central nervous system, while dermal exposure has been connected with an increased incidence of liver and kidney tumors in mice. Production of first-degree burns, skin irritation, occupational asthma, kidney, and liver injury risk, and potential skin sensitization are some other adverse effects associated with diethanolamine.
Sources:
Chemical Safety Facts: Ethanolamines, NTP Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of Diethanolamine, California Environmental Protection Agency: Diethanolamine , International Agency for Research on Cancer: Diethanolamine, Initial List of Hazardous Air Pollutants with Modifications, What is the Toxics Release Inventory?, OPINION CONCERNING DIALKYL- AND DIALKANOLAMINES AND THEIR SALTS IN COSMETIC PRODUCTS, Ethanolamine Compounds (MEA, DEA, TEA And Others), WHAT ARE ETHANOLAMINE COMPOUNDS (DEA, MEA, OR TEA): CHEMICAL FREE LIVING, The Dirty Dozen: DEA-related ingredients, FDA: Diethanolamine, Chemical Profile: Diethanolamine ,
Ethylene Oxide
Ethylene oxide is a flammable, sweet-smelling gas that easily dissolves in water. This man-made compound is primarily used to create ethylene glycol, which is used to make antifreeze and polyester, and is also used in small quantities for controlling insects in stored agricultural products, sterilizing medical equipment and fumigating spices. Ethylene oxide may cause irritation of the eyes, skin, nose, throat, and lungs, damage to the brain and nervous system, reproductive effects, and is considered by the EPA to be carcinogenic if inhaled. Exposure risks, which are notably prevalent for healthcare workers engaged in sterilization tasks, include CNS depression, eye and mucous membrane irritation and in some cases, cataracts. Despite these hazards, there are conflicted reports regarding ethylene oxide's carcinogenicity in humans.
Sources:
Ethylene oxide derived glycol ethers: A review of the alkyl glycol ethers potential to cause endocrine disruption, Adverse health effects of ethylene oxide and occupational exposure limits, Campaign For Safe Cosmetics: Ethoxylated Ingredients, Ingredient Breakdown: ETHYLENE OXIDE, Ethylene Oxide Overview, What is Ethylene Oxide?, Ethylene Oxide Hazard Summary, FDA Authority Over Cosmetics: How Cosmetics Are Not FDA-Approved, but Are FDA-Regulated, DEFINE ETHOXYLATES OR ETHOXYLATED SURFACTANT AND ITS APPLICATIONS?, Known and Probable Human Carcinogens, OSHA Fact Sheet
Formaldehyde
Formaldehyde is a colorless, flammable gas with a pungent smell that's naturally produced in small quantities in human bodies and is also known as methanal amongst other names. It's used in the production of various items such as fertilizers, paper, plywood, and urea-formaldehyde resins as well as in some foods and household products like antiseptics, medicines, and cosmetics. Exposure to formaldehyde, which can occur through breathing contaminated indoor air, tobacco smoke, or ambient urban air can lead to respiratory symptoms, irritation of the eyes, nose and throat and has been linked to lung and nasopharyngeal cancer as well as leukemia. The EPA considers formaldehyde a probable human carcinogen (Group B1) and inhaling it can cause bronchospasm and pulmonary edema. Commercially, it's sold as formalin in solutions of 37%, 44%, or 50% and long-term exposure can cause first-degree burns, skin sensitization, squamous cell nasal cancer, and chronic pulmonary obstruction.
Sources:
Formaldehyde and Cancer Risk, Cleaning Products & Indoor Air Quality, No More Toxic Tub, Campaign for Safe Cosmetics: Preservatives, Campaign for Safe Cosmetics: Formaldehyde And Formaldehyde-Releasing Preservatives, Formaldehyde may be found in cosmetic products even when unlabelled, Formaldehyde Found in Popular American Beauty Products, Hair Salons - Formaldehyde in Your Products, Formaldehyde in cosmetic products
Methylchloroisothiazolinone
5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (CMI) is a compound frequently used as a preservative in cosmetics, hygiene products, and other industrial applications such as hydraulic fracturing fluids. It can also be deployed as a pesticide in the U.S, pending regulatory approval. CMI, which is often used in combination with 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (MI), can cause contact dermatitis in humans. Various animal studies have shown that a high exposure to a CMIT/MIT mixture can cause alterations in rats' liver function. The production and use of CMI in a range of products mean it can be release into the environment, with some susceptibility to degradation through photolysis in sunlight. Its mobility in soil is high but volatilization from soil or water surfaces is not expected to be significant. Occupational and general exposure to CMI can occur especially through inhalation and dermal contact with CMI-containing products.
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Antimicrobial agents, triclosan, chloroxylenol, methylisothiazolinone and borax, used in cleaning had genotoxic and histopathologic effects on rainbow trout, Methylisothiazolinone toxicity and inhibition of wound healing and regeneration in planaria, Methylchloroisothiazolinone and/or methylisothiazolinone in cosmetic products, Isothiazolinone Biocides: Chemistry, Biological, and Toxicity Profiles, Methylisothiazolinone and isothiazolinone allergy, Analysis of isothiazolinones in environmental waters by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, Methylisothiazolinone induces apoptotic cell death via matrix metalloproteinase activation in human bronchial epithelial cells, EU REGULATIONS , Methylisothiazolinone contact allergy: a review, Effects of methylisothiazolinone and octylisothiazolinone on development and thyroid endocrine system in zebrafish larvae, Two Cases of Chloromethylisothiazolinone and Methylisothiazolinone-associated Toxic Lung Injury, An update of the risk assessment for methylchloroisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone (MCI/MI) with focus on rinse-off products, Effects of a mixture of chloromethylisothiazolinone and methylisothiazolinone on peripheral airway dysfunction in children, Isothiazolinone preservative: cause of a continuing epidemic of cosmetic dermatitis, Campaign for Safe Cosmetics: Methylisothiazolinone and Methylchloroisothiazolinone
Methylisothiazolinone
Methylisothiazolinone can reportedly cause allergic contact dermatitis in workers who interact with products containing it. This substance is recognized as a contact allergen for consumers using cosmetics that include it. It can cause skin burns and sensitization, and inhaling it may lead to corrosive injuries in the upper respiratory tract and lungs. Ingesting this substance is harmful, and inhalation is toxic. This preservative is linked to the category of isothiazolinones.
Sources:
Antimicrobial agents, triclosan, chloroxylenol, methylisothiazolinone and borax, used in cleaning had genotoxic and histopathologic effects on rainbow trout, Methylisothiazolinone toxicity and inhibition of wound healing and regeneration in planaria, Methylchloroisothiazolinone and/or methylisothiazolinone in cosmetic products, Isothiazolinone Biocides: Chemistry, Biological, and Toxicity Profiles, Methylisothiazolinone and isothiazolinone allergy, Analysis of isothiazolinones in environmental waters by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, Methylisothiazolinone induces apoptotic cell death via matrix metalloproteinase activation in human bronchial epithelial cells, EU REGULATIONS , Methylisothiazolinone contact allergy: a review, Effects of methylisothiazolinone and octylisothiazolinone on development and thyroid endocrine system in zebrafish larvae, Two Cases of Chloromethylisothiazolinone and Methylisothiazolinone-associated Toxic Lung Injury, An update of the risk assessment for methylchloroisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone (MCI/MI) with focus on rinse-off products, Effects of a mixture of chloromethylisothiazolinone and methylisothiazolinone on peripheral airway dysfunction in children, Isothiazolinone preservative: cause of a continuing epidemic of cosmetic dermatitis, Campaign for Safe Cosmetics: Methylisothiazolinone and Methylchloroisothiazolinone
Naphthalene
Naphthalene is a white solid, also known as white tar and tar camphor, found in substances like petroleum, coal, tobacco, and wood. It vaporizes easily and has a strong but not unpleasant odor. Major uses for naphthalene include the production of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastics, moth repellents, toilet deodorant blocks, and other chemicals such as dyes and resins. Acute exposure to naphthalene can trigger hemolytic anemia, liver damage, and neurological conditions, with chronic exposure potentially leading to cataracts and retina damage. The substance is considered a possible human carcinogen and high doses have lethal potential, particularly for individuals with specific health conditions.
Sources:
Naphthalene - Hazardous Substance Fact Sheet, Polychlorinated naphthalene concentrations and temporal trends in serum from the general Chinese adult population and effects of polychlorinated naphthalenes on thyroid function, Naphthalene, Campaign For Safe Cosmetics: Coal Tar, A Critical Review of Naphthalene Sources and Exposures Relevant to Indoor and Outdoor Air
Sodium Laureth Sulfate
Sodium laureth sulfate, derived from ethoxylated lauryl alcohol, is a surfactant used in sudsy products like toothpaste, detergents, and shampoos. While it acts as a cleansing and emulsifying agent, it can sometimes contain toxic impurities such as 1,4-dioxane. This chemical has raised health concerns due to its potential to cause skin, lung, and eye irritation, organ toxicity, and, primarily because of contamination by 1,4 dioxane, cancer.
Sources:
The Dirty Dozen: Sodium Laureth Sulfate, 15 Toxic Trespassers, SKIP PRODUCTS MADE WITH SLES (AND SLS, TOO!), Campaign for Safe Costmetics: 1,4-DIOXANE, WHAT IS SODIUM LAURETH SULFATE: CHEMICAL FREE LIVING, A new formula for a mild body cleanser: sodium laureth sulphate supplemented with sodium laureth carboxylate and lauryl glucoside,
Toluene
Toluene is a clear, colorless liquid that naturally occurs in crude oil and the tolu tree. It's prominent in the production of gasoline, coke from coal, and various consumer products like paints, adhesives, and nail polish. Toluene is even added to gasoline, used to create benzene, and acts as a solvent. However, exposure to toluene, especially from inhalation, can have serious health effects. It primarily targets the central nervous system, inducing symptoms like fatigue, nausea, headaches, and in chronic cases, can cause severe dysfunction. Exposure has also been linked to developmental effects in children, but there isn't enough evidence to conclude its carcinogenic potential. Abuse of toluene can cause permanent brain damage, liver injury, and even potential birth defects or increased risk of spontaneous abortions in pregnant women. Despite these risks, cognitive deficits from toluene exposure below a threshold limit value (TLV) of 50 ppm remain extremely low.
Triethanolamine
Triethanolamine appears to cause occupational asthma and allergic contact dermatitis in machinists and photographers, as well as liver and kidney damage in animals with high-dose feeding. It's noted to be an irritant to the skin, eyes, and respiratory tract, with potential to cause skin sensitization, though the rate of skin sensitization in humans is low. Triethanolamine has low acute toxicity, with median oral LD50 values of 4,190-11,260 mg/kg in rats and 5,300-8,000 mg/kg in guinea pigs, and a median dermal LD50 greater than 2,000 mg/kg in rabbits. Triethanolamine is not carcinogenic, developmental toxicant, or toxic to the reproductive system. However, chronic exposure may lead to liver and kidney damage.
Sources:
Safety assessment of triethanolamine and triethanolamine-containing ingredients as used in cosmetics, Toxicology of mono-, di-, and triethanolamine, Campaign for Safe Cosmetics: Ethanolamine Compounds (MEA, DEA, TEA And Others), The Dirty Dozen: DEA-related ingredients, Chemical Profile, Special Chem, Safety assessment of triethanolamine and triethanolamine-containing ingredients as used in cosmetics
Quaternium-15
Quaternium-15 is a preservative commonly used in cosmetics which is known to significantly contribute to allergic contact dermatitis in users. This condition has been reported in various professions, including hairdressers, machine maintenance engineers at a chicken processing plant, and photocopy workers. Notably, Quaternium-15, as a formaldehyde releaser, increases dermatitis risk. However, rinse-off products typically pose a lower risk of resulting in allergic contact dermatitis.
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