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Best Non-Toxic Perfume in 2024
Updated:
Nov 18, 2024
Written by Camille May
Cofounder & Product Curator
+ 1 more
Medically reviewed by Olushola Awoyemi
PhD Environmental Toxicology
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What you should know when choosing non-toxic perfume on Welpr:
- Only the cleanest products make it onto Welpr.
- We use a score called the Welpr Rating to rank each product.
- The Welpr Rating is based on math, not opinion, ensuring it's free from human bias.
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Find Non-Toxic Perfume
Third-party certifications are key indicators of a product's safety, ethics, and environmental impact. Click the icon to verify the certification.
Highlights aren't always verifiable, so you're trusting the brand when they say "lead free", etc. If the highlight icon is "clickable", it means we've verified the highlight.
User satisfaction is calculated using online reviews and a Bayesian average across all personal care and cosmetic products on Welpr.
Full Collection Discovery Set - Henry Rose
Certifications
Highlights
User Satisfaction
Est. Price
$66.46
Product Details
- Includes a collection of 11 genderless scents.
- Fragrances available: Char, Sheep's Clothing, Flora Carnivora, Jake's House, Windows Down, Queens & Monsters, Torn, Smyth, Last Light, Fog, Dark Is Night.
- Usage tip: Apply fragrance in the creases of knees and elbows for enhanced and prolonged scent.
Pros & Cons
Pros Mentioned
- Liked
Ingredients
Ingredients can vary by product variation and may change at any time by the manufacturer. For the most complete and up-to-date list of ingredients, refer to the product packaging.
To analyze individual ingredients, use INCIDecoder.
Ingredients: Water, Denatured Ethyl Alcohol, Disclosed Fragrance, Components: Tetramethyl Acetyloctahydronaphthalenes, Octahydro-Methoxy-Tetramethyl-Methanoazulene, Ethylene Brassylate, Methyl Dihydrojasmonate, Hedione, Propanedioic Acid,1-(3, 3-Dimethylcyclohexyl)Ethyl Ethyl Ester, Pentadecalactone, Methylcyclopentadecenone, Ambrettolide, Dodecahydro-3a,6,6,9a-Tetramethylnaphtho, 1-Propanol,2-[1-(3, 3-Dimethylcyclohexyl)Ethoxy]-2-Methyl-, Propanoate, Propanoic Acid,2-Methyl-,2-Phenoxyethyl Ester, Vetiveria Zizanioides, Vetiver Oil, Trimethyl-Propylcyclohexanepropanol, Cyclohexanol,2-(1, 1-Dimethylethyl)-, Acetate,Cis-, Benzyl Acetate, Propanedioic Acid, Diethyl Ester, Heptanoic Acid,2-Propenyl Ester, Butanoic Acid,1,1-Dimethyl-2-Phenylethyl Ester, Gamma-Undecalactone, 2,6-Dimethyl-7-Octen-2-Ol, Pentanoic Acid,2-Methyl-, Ethyl Ester
Third-party certifications are key indicators of a product's safety, ethics, and environmental impact. Click the icon to verify the certification.
Highlights aren't always verifiable, so you're trusting the brand when they say "lead free", etc. If the highlight icon is "clickable", it means we've verified the highlight.
User satisfaction is calculated using online reviews and a Bayesian average across all personal care and cosmetic products on Welpr.
Eau de Parfum - The 7 Virtues
Certifications
Highlights
User Satisfaction
Est. Price
$145.00
Product Details
- Made with natural ingredients
Pros & Cons
Pros Mentioned
- Wonderful
- Sophisticated
- Subtle
Cons Mentioned
- Overpriced
Ingredients
Ingredients can vary by product variation and may change at any time by the manufacturer. For the most complete and up-to-date list of ingredients, refer to the product packaging.
To analyze individual ingredients, use INCIDecoder.
Ingredients: Organic Sugar Cane Alcohol Denat, Vanilla Planifolia, Water
Third-party certifications are key indicators of a product's safety, ethics, and environmental impact. Click the icon to verify the certification.
Highlights aren't always verifiable, so you're trusting the brand when they say "lead free", etc. If the highlight icon is "clickable", it means we've verified the highlight.
User satisfaction is calculated using online reviews and a Bayesian average across all personal care and cosmetic products on Welpr.
Perfume - DIME Beauty
Certifications
Highlights
User Satisfaction
Est. Price
$52.00
Product Details
- Fruity gourmand scent designed to express positivity and happiness, ideal for conveying warmth and anticipation of better days.
- Floral top notes feature bergamot zest, juicy pear, and lavender blossom, offering a complex and unique fragrance.
- Sweet middle notes comprised of vanilla orchid, whipped cream, and sweet coconut, suitable for everyday wear.
- Musky base notes include blonde woods, ambery ambrox, and fluffy musk, providing a light yet rich aroma.
- Utilizes organic sugar cane alcohol, considered one of the cleanest and safest available.
- Manufactured in the USA with a focus on sustainable packaging and clean ingredients.
- Vegan and cruelty-free, ensuring no animal products or testing are involved in production.
Pros & Cons
Pros Mentioned
- Complimented
- Incredible
- Favorite
Cons Mentioned
- Weak
Ingredients
Ingredients can vary by product variation and may change at any time by the manufacturer. For the most complete and up-to-date list of ingredients, refer to the product packaging.
To analyze individual ingredients, use INCIDecoder.
Ingredients: Water, Organic Sugar Cane Alcohol, Dipropylene Glycol, Hedione, Galaxolide, Florol, Kephalis, Iso E Super, Edenolide, Sclareolate, Veltol Plus, Ethylene Brassylate, Heliotropine, Osyrol, Bacdanol, Phenoxanol, Vanillin, Helvetolide, Dimethyl Benzyl Carbinyl Butyrate, Helional, Aldehyde C-18, Allyl Cyclo Hexyl Propionate, Exaltolide Total, Aldehyde C-14, Ethyl 2-Methyl Butyrate, Iso-Propyl Myristate, Romandolide, Cetalox, Ethyl Iso-Butyrate, Delta-Damascone, Cyclamen Aldehyde, Cosmone, Dimethyl Benzyl Carbinyl Acetate, Dimethyl Phenyl Ethyl Carbinol, Ethyl Linalool, Dime Proprietary Blend
Third-party certifications are key indicators of a product's safety, ethics, and environmental impact. Click the icon to verify the certification.
Highlights aren't always verifiable, so you're trusting the brand when they say "lead free", etc. If the highlight icon is "clickable", it means we've verified the highlight.
User satisfaction is calculated using online reviews and a Bayesian average across all personal care and cosmetic products on Welpr.
Genderless + Vegan Eau de Parfum - Dedcool
Highlights
User Satisfaction
Est. Price
$90.00
Product Details
- Genderless and vegan eau de parfum designed for all.
- Scents designed to evoke confidence and uniqueness, reminiscent of budding flirtation.
- Top notes include bergamot and fresh dew.
- Middle notes feature floral scents and cassis.
- Base notes composed of vanilla and amber.
- Made with zero water, ensuring concentration and longevity of scent.
- Formulated with 100% organic and natural plant extracts.
- Utilizes biodegradable ingredients, minimizing environmental impact.
Pros & Cons
Pros Mentioned
- Comforting
- Long-lasting
- Beautiful
Cons Mentioned
- Pricey
Ingredients
Ingredients can vary by product variation and may change at any time by the manufacturer. For the most complete and up-to-date list of ingredients, refer to the product packaging.
To analyze individual ingredients, use INCIDecoder.
Ingredients: Alcohol Denat, Fragrance, *Cert Organic Extracts Of Borago Officinals (Borage)*, Sambucus Nigra (Elder) Flower Extract, Camellia Sinesis (White Tea) Leaf Extract, Equisetum Arvense (Horsetail) Extract, Punica Granatum (Pomegranate) Extract, Aloe Barbadensis (Aloe Vera) Leaf Extract, Ginkgo Biloba Extract, Trifolium Pratense (Clover) Extract, Althaea Officinalis (Marshmallow) Root Extract, Rosa Canina Fruit (Rose Hip) Extract, Chamomilla Recutita (Matricaria) Flower Extract (Chamomile)
Third-party certifications are key indicators of a product's safety, ethics, and environmental impact. Click the icon to verify the certification.
Highlights aren't always verifiable, so you're trusting the brand when they say "lead free", etc. If the highlight icon is "clickable", it means we've verified the highlight.
User satisfaction is calculated using online reviews and a Bayesian average across all personal care and cosmetic products on Welpr.
Super Set Eau de Parfum - Vyrao
Highlights
Est. Price
$138.00
Product Details
- Features travel-sized editions of The Sixth and Witchy Woo Eau de Parfum each at 7.5ml.
- The Sixth emphasizes mindfulness and intuition, using ingredients like apple, basil, cypress, and patchouli to amplify positivity.
- Witchy Woo, inspired by magic and meditation, contains deep, earthy notes of Moroccan orris absolute, blending thorny rose, nutmeg, cinnamon, and black pepper with patchouli, frankincense, opoponax, and musk.
- Application advice suggests applying fragrance to warmer body parts such as the creases of knees and elbows for enhanced and prolonged scent.
Third-party certifications are key indicators of a product's safety, ethics, and environmental impact. Click the icon to verify the certification.
Highlights aren't always verifiable, so you're trusting the brand when they say "lead free", etc. If the highlight icon is "clickable", it means we've verified the highlight.
User satisfaction is calculated using online reviews and a Bayesian average across all personal care and cosmetic products on Welpr.
Calming & Soothing, Stress Relief Fragrance - The Nue Co.
Certifications
User Satisfaction
Est. Price
$90.00
Product Details
- Developed using insights into the connection between cognitive function and the olfactory system, utilizing fragrances like green cardamom, bergamot, and cilantro to impact emotional states immediately.
- Incorporates technology that uses the sense of smell to influence brain areas associated with awareness, memory, and mood.
- Features a composition of clinically proven, rigorously tested clean ingredients including green cardamom, bergamot, cilantro, and palo santo.
- Formulated to be vegan, cruelty-free, paraben-free, phthalate-free, clinically studied, and made with traceable, non-toxic ingredients.
- Advertises potential benefits such as reducing stress and soothing tension through its calming scent.
- Includes instructions to spray onto pulse points, take a deep breath, and allow time to re-center, enhancing user experience.
Pros & Cons
Pros Mentioned
- Sensual
- Relaxing
- Long-lasting
Cons Mentioned
- Potent
Ingredients
Ingredients can vary by product variation and may change at any time by the manufacturer. For the most complete and up-to-date list of ingredients, refer to the product packaging.
To analyze individual ingredients, use INCIDecoder.
Ingredients: Alcohol, Cardomome Verte Sfe, Cardomom, Bergamot, Cilantro, Myhrr Oil, Myrrhone, Orris Firabs (Iris), Violet, Jasmin, Cedarwood Oil, Musk, Palo Santo, Ambrox, Guaiacwood
Third-party certifications are key indicators of a product's safety, ethics, and environmental impact. Click the icon to verify the certification.
Highlights aren't always verifiable, so you're trusting the brand when they say "lead free", etc. If the highlight icon is "clickable", it means we've verified the highlight.
User satisfaction is calculated using online reviews and a Bayesian average across all personal care and cosmetic products on Welpr.
Venus of Verbena Eau de Parfum - Sana Jardin
Certifications
Highlights
Est. Price
$339.00
Product Details
- Fresh and vibrant citrus perfume, ideal for a lightweight and energizing scent experience.
- Blend features top notes of lemon oil and verbena, creating a sparkling, leafy green citrus aroma.
- Heart notes include Neroli oil from Morocco, Clary Sage Absolute, and Orange Blossom, providing depth and warmth.
- Accented with soft musk and heliotrope for a contrasting wrap around the heart notes.
- A touch of Vetiver in the dry down adds elegance and a refined woody accent.
- Recommended application on pulse points on skin and/or onto hair for optimal fragrance diffusion.
Ingredients
Ingredients can vary by product variation and may change at any time by the manufacturer. For the most complete and up-to-date list of ingredients, refer to the product packaging.
To analyze individual ingredients, use INCIDecoder.
Ingredients: Alcohol Denat, Fragrance (Parfum), Limonene, Linalool, Geraniol, Citral, Alpha-Isomethyl Ionone, Citronellol, Evernia Prunastri (Oakmoss) Extract
Third-party certifications are key indicators of a product's safety, ethics, and environmental impact. Click the icon to verify the certification.
Highlights aren't always verifiable, so you're trusting the brand when they say "lead free", etc. If the highlight icon is "clickable", it means we've verified the highlight.
User satisfaction is calculated using online reviews and a Bayesian average across all personal care and cosmetic products on Welpr.
Eau De Parfum Spray - by rosie jane
Certifications
User Satisfaction
Est. Price
$75.00
Product Details
- Inspired by the season of Spring with floral notes of jasmine, pear, and fresh cut grass.
- Designed for daily wear, it is casual yet evokes a sense of sexiness.
- Available in both oil roll-on and spray form.
- Utilizes environmentally conscious packaging made from 100% recyclable paper, vegetable-based inks, and sustainable paper created using wind power.
- Proudly handmade in California, with fragrances hand-mixed in Los Angeles using essential oils, absolutes, nature identicals, and fragrance oils.
- Adheres to clean beauty standards, free from parabens, phthalates, BHT, and cruelty-free.
Pros & Cons
Pros Mentioned
- Refresh
- Heavenly
- Compliments
Cons Mentioned
- Artificial
Ingredients
Ingredients can vary by product variation and may change at any time by the manufacturer. For the most complete and up-to-date list of ingredients, refer to the product packaging.
To analyze individual ingredients, use INCIDecoder.
Ingredients: Organic Cane Sugar Alcohol And Distilled Water, Ambrettolide, Ambroxan, Dipropylene Glycol, Ethylene Brassylate
Third-party certifications are key indicators of a product's safety, ethics, and environmental impact. Click the icon to verify the certification.
Highlights aren't always verifiable, so you're trusting the brand when they say "lead free", etc. If the highlight icon is "clickable", it means we've verified the highlight.
User satisfaction is calculated using online reviews and a Bayesian average across all personal care and cosmetic products on Welpr.
Neon Moon Spray Perfume - Pacifica
Certifications
Highlights
User Satisfaction
Est. Price
$27.95
Product Details
- Inspired by a full moon in Ibiza featuring sandalwood, jasmine, and smoky cardamom notes, evoking a sense of mystery and fluidity.
- Formulated without phthalates, parabens, propylene glycol, polycyclic musks, nitromusks.
- Package includes a glass bottle which is recyclable.
- Vegan and cruelty-free, ensuring no harm to animals and environmentally friendly.
- Gender-neutral scent suitable for all users.
Pros & Cons
Pros Mentioned
- Vanilla
- Floral
- Refreshing
Cons Mentioned
- Longevity
Ingredients
Ingredients can vary by product variation and may change at any time by the manufacturer. For the most complete and up-to-date list of ingredients, refer to the product packaging.
To analyze individual ingredients, use INCIDecoder.
Ingredients: Alcohol Denat., Parfum*, Aqua (Eau), Benzyl Benzoate, Limonene
Third-party certifications are key indicators of a product's safety, ethics, and environmental impact. Click the icon to verify the certification.
Highlights aren't always verifiable, so you're trusting the brand when they say "lead free", etc. If the highlight icon is "clickable", it means we've verified the highlight.
User satisfaction is calculated using online reviews and a Bayesian average across all personal care and cosmetic products on Welpr.
Palo Santo Oil Perfume - Rahua
Highlights
Est. Price
$32.00
Product Details
- Natural ingredients used
- Long-lasting fragrance
- Inspired by Dynamisante
Ingredients
Ingredients can vary by product variation and may change at any time by the manufacturer. For the most complete and up-to-date list of ingredients, refer to the product packaging.
To analyze individual ingredients, use INCIDecoder.
Ingredients: Organic Prunus Armeniaca (Apricot) Kernel Oil, Simmondsia Chinensis (Jojoba) Seed Oil, Organic Helianthus Annuus (Sunflower) Seed Oil, Bursera Graveolens (Palo Santo) Oil, Oenocarpus Bataua (Rahua, Ungurahua) Oil, Boswellia Serrata (Frankincense) Oil, Pelargonium Graveolens (Geranium) Flower Oil, Mauritia Flexuosa (Morete) Fruit Oil, Plukenetia Volubilis (Sacha Inchi) Oil, Gardenia Jasminoides (Gardenia Enfleurage) Oil
Third-party certifications are key indicators of a product's safety, ethics, and environmental impact. Click the icon to verify the certification.
Highlights aren't always verifiable, so you're trusting the brand when they say "lead free", etc. If the highlight icon is "clickable", it means we've verified the highlight.
User satisfaction is calculated using online reviews and a Bayesian average across all personal care and cosmetic products on Welpr.
Pure Vanilla Perfume for Women - Lavanila
Certifications
Highlights
Est. Price
$16.00
Product Details
- Features pure Madagascar vanilla, creamy tonka bean, and a soft heliotrope blend for a seductive scent.
- Instructions recommend applying to clean dry skin for long-lasting fragrance and avoiding rubbing the wrists together after application.
- Best applied directly to pulse points such as behind the ears, inside of wrists, behind the knees, or the décolletage for effective scent dispersal.
- Formulated with high quality natural and botanical oils for a durable fragrance experience.
- Crafted using a unique blend of sugar cane alcohol and essential oils.
- Inspired by the qualities of warmth, softness, and purity associated with vanilla.
- Part of a collection designed for healthier fragrance options, emphasizing clean, safe, and smart product development.
- Fragrance collection handcrafted by natural perfumers.
- Founded on principles of creating beauty products beneficial for family, community, and beyond.
Ingredients
Ingredients can vary by product variation and may change at any time by the manufacturer. For the most complete and up-to-date list of ingredients, refer to the product packaging.
To analyze individual ingredients, use INCIDecoder.
Ingredients: Alcohol Denat (From Organic Sugar Cane), Botanical Fragrance Blend, Deionized Water, Lycium Barbarum Powder (Goji), Terminalia Ferdinandiana Fruit Extract (Kakadu Plum), Epilobium Angustifolium Extract (Canadian Willowherb), Olea Europaea Extract (Olive Leaf), Alteromonas Ferment Extract, Chysanthelium Indicum Extract (Chamomile), Oat Amino Acids, Glycerin (Vegetable), Vanilla Planifolia
Third-party certifications are key indicators of a product's safety, ethics, and environmental impact. Click the icon to verify the certification.
Highlights aren't always verifiable, so you're trusting the brand when they say "lead free", etc. If the highlight icon is "clickable", it means we've verified the highlight.
User satisfaction is calculated using online reviews and a Bayesian average across all personal care and cosmetic products on Welpr.
Perfume Oil Rollerball - Herb & Root
Certifications
Highlights
Est. Price
$13.99
Product Details
- Fragrance notes include labdanum, benzoin, and vanilla.
- Belongs to the Gourmand fragrance family.
- Vegan and cruelty-free.
- Free from alcohol, phthalates, and parabens.
- Available in rollerball format for easy, on-the-go application.
- Emits fragrance throughout the day when applied.
- Designed for sustainable packaging and safe ingredient use.
Ingredients
Ingredients can vary by product variation and may change at any time by the manufacturer. For the most complete and up-to-date list of ingredients, refer to the product packaging.
To analyze individual ingredients, use INCIDecoder.
Ingredients: Simmondsia Chinensis (Jojoba) Seed Oil, Fragrance (Parfum), Benzyl Benzoate, Hexyl Cinnamal, Linalool, Benzyl Salicylate
Third-party certifications are key indicators of a product's safety, ethics, and environmental impact. Click the icon to verify the certification.
Highlights aren't always verifiable, so you're trusting the brand when they say "lead free", etc. If the highlight icon is "clickable", it means we've verified the highlight.
User satisfaction is calculated using online reviews and a Bayesian average across all personal care and cosmetic products on Welpr.
No.02 Le Long Fond Natural Roll-On Perfume Oil - Maison Louis Marie
Certifications
Highlights
Est. Price
$65.00
Product Details
- Founded as a nursery in Belgium, active since its establishment by the founder's grandfather.
- Offers a scent mixture featuring top note of Hinoki wood, mid notes of Cedarwood and Patchouli, and a base note of White Musk.
- Formulated to intensify fragrance with body warmth when applied to pulse points.
- Consists of natural fragrances blended with Safflower oil, known for its moisturizing properties.
- Product duration lasts between 2-4 hours upon application.
- Ensures products are vegan, cruelty-free, and devoid of parabens, sulfates, and phthalates.
- Provides a comprehensive glossary to assist in understanding the fragrance notes such as top, middle, and base notes.
- Encourages sampling the fragrance through available Discovery Sets or individual perfume oils.
- Maintains a commitment to clean beauty and environmentally friendly practices.
Ingredients
Ingredients can vary by product variation and may change at any time by the manufacturer. For the most complete and up-to-date list of ingredients, refer to the product packaging.
To analyze individual ingredients, use INCIDecoder.
Ingredients: Fragrance/Parfum, Carthamus Tinctorius (Safflower) Seed Oil, Helianthus Annuus (Sunflower) Seed Oil, Rosmarinus Officinalis (Rosemary) Leaf Extract, Citronellol, Eugenol, Geraniol, Limonene, Linalool
Third-party certifications are key indicators of a product's safety, ethics, and environmental impact. Click the icon to verify the certification.
Highlights aren't always verifiable, so you're trusting the brand when they say "lead free", etc. If the highlight icon is "clickable", it means we've verified the highlight.
User satisfaction is calculated using online reviews and a Bayesian average across all personal care and cosmetic products on Welpr.
Queen Bee Rollerball Perfume - Good Chemistry
Certifications
Est. Price
$24.99
Product Details
- Features notes of black currant, peony, and amber
- Vegan and cruelty-free
- Free from parabens and propylene glycol
- Contains essential oils
Ingredients
Ingredients can vary by product variation and may change at any time by the manufacturer. For the most complete and up-to-date list of ingredients, refer to the product packaging.
To analyze individual ingredients, use INCIDecoder.
Ingredients: Alcohol Denat, Fragrance, Water
Our Product Rating System
First, Camille (co-creator of Welpr) hand picks cleaner product options from a variety of sources.
Next, we collect information about each product's safety, consumer satisfaction, and eco-ethical standing.
Finally, we run all this information through an algorithm that calculates the Welpr Rating.
Welpr Rating:
5.0/5
Part 1: Product safety
We evaluate safety information from 3rd party organizations (e.g. EWG, Made Safe, etc.). Instead of relying solely on any one of these companies for safety information, we assess all of them.
Part 2: Consumer satisfaction
We scour the web for consumer ratings and reviews to verify products are not only cleaner options, but also effective. Products can either be Above Average, Average, or Below average for their respective category (e.g. cleaning products).
Part 3: Ethics & Environment
When you buy a product, you’re supporting that company with your dollars. We believe it’s important to support ethical companies, so we pool together certifications that verify a company's ethics and environmental impact.
Common Harmful Chemicals in Perfume
Chemical Name
Why it’s harmful
Linalool
Linalool is a naturally occurring terpene alcohol found in many flowers and spice plants, consisting of two enantiomers. It is widely used in commercial products for its pleasant floral and spicy scent, serving as a key ingredient in soaps, fragrances, food flavors, household products, and insecticides. In plants, linalool functions as a metabolite, volatile oil component, antimicrobial agent, and aroma compound. Acute exposure to linalool can lead to central depressive effects with symptoms such as ataxia, reduced motor activity, and respiratory disturbances. Additionally, inhalation, oral intake, or skin absorption can result in irritation, pain, and allergic reactions.
Butylated Hydroxytoluene
BHT, a toluene-based ingredient, serves as a preservative in food and personal care products. Safety assessments have noted toxic effects in lung tissue when BHT was applied to rats' skin but considered the low concentrations in cosmetics safe. The American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) suggests moderate evidence of BHT being a respiratory irritant in humans.
Phthalate
Phthalates, linked to endocrine disruption, reproductive toxicity, and cancer, are banned in the European Union but remain prevalent in U.S. cosmetics. They are widely used in personal care products, such as nail polish, fragrances, and eyelash glue and other products. A significant loophole allows phthalates to be added to fragrances without disclosure. Health concerns include endocrine disruption, developmental and reproductive toxicity, and potential carcinogenicity.
Sources:
Campaign for Safe Cosmetics: Phthalates, Product Profile: Hand Sanitizer, Phthalates in Cosmetics, Phthalates in cosmetic and personal care products: concentrations and possible dermal exposure, A Survey of Phthalates and Parabens in Personal Care Products from the United States and Its Implications for Human Exposure, Phthalates Factsheet, BPA and Phthalates: Chemicals found in our homes
Styrene
Styrene is a colorless to yellowish, oily liquid used mainly in plastic, synthetic rubber, and resin production but also as a flavoring agent. Acute human exposure can cause irritation, drowsiness, and vertigo, with skin blistering and dermatitis resulting from long-term contact. It has been linked to increased rates of certain types of cancer, liver effects, and problems with the reproductive system. Animal studies have similarly shown irritation, central nervous system effects, and links to cancers. Styrene's endocrine disruptor activity appears negligible in humans and other vertebrates, but there is evidence of impact in certain aquatic species.
d-Limonene
d-Limonene is a liquid with a lemon-like smell, often used as a solvent to substitute for more volatile and toxic organic solvents. When it comes into contact with air, it can oxidize, and this oxidized form is a known skin sensitizer, capable of irritating skin and eyes. The combination of d-limonene and l-limonene is known as limonene or dipentene. The estimated lethal dose for humans is between 0.5 to 5 g/kg, and studies have shown that it can cause diarrhea and liver effects when ingested in high doses.
Butylparaben
Butylparaben, a chemical used in various products, has been shown to cause skin irritation in humans and potential sensitization in dermatitis patients. Animal studies indicate that it has low to moderate oral toxicity and can cause damage to the liver, spleen, and thymus. It can also lead to cell proliferation in rats' stomachs, though it was not found to be carcinogenic or mutagenic. However, it may negatively impact sperm viability and activity, as demonstrated in different in vitro and in vivo studies. Lastly, it proposed weaker aquatic toxicity compared to parabens with longer alkyl chains, but still showed estrogenic effects in certain fish species.
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